{"id":1199,"date":"2024-02-14T14:14:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T14:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/?p=1199"},"modified":"2025-10-02T13:52:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T21:52:03","slug":"pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b","title":{"rendered":"PANCE\u00ae Question of the Day: Hepatitis B"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">In This Article<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#The_correct_answer_to_todays_PANCE%C2%AE_Question_is%E2%80%A6\" >The correct answer to today&#8217;s PANCE\u00ae Question is&#8230;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#A_Hepatic_elastography_and_initiation_of_entecavir\" >A. Hepatic elastography and initiation of entecavir<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#Incorrect_answer_explanations\" >Incorrect answer explanations<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#B_MRI_of_the_liver_and_initiation_of_tenofovir\" >B. MRI of the liver and initiation of tenofovir<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#C_CT_scan_of_the_liver_and_initiation_of_lamivudine\" >C. &nbsp;CT scan of the liver and initiation of lamivudine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#D_Ultrasound_of_the_liver_and_referral_for_liver_transplant\" >D. Ultrasound of the liver and referral for liver transplant<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#E_Ultrasound_of_the_liver_and_serial_monitoring_of_labs\" >E. Ultrasound of the liver and serial monitoring of labs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#Main_Explanation\" >Main Explanation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#Major_Takeaway\" >Major Takeaway<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\/#References\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Prepare for the PANCE with this comprehensive topic on pulmonary function testing (PFT) in asthma assessment. Follow the case of a 62-year-old man with psoriasis and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma presents with positive HBsAg, negative HBsAb, and positive anti-HBc IgG. What&#8217;s the best next step in management before starting immunosuppressive therapy? Ace your PANCE exam and excel in clinical practice with this valuable resource.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 62-year-old man presents to the primary care office to be evaluated before his dermatologist starts him on immunosuppressive medications to treat psoriasis. &nbsp;He has mild fatigue and occasional GI upset but no other concerns. &nbsp;Past medical history is significant for psoriasis and diet-controlled type II diabetes mellitus. &nbsp;His father recently died of hepatocellular carcinoma at age 83. &nbsp;Temperature is 37.0\u00b0C (98.6\u00b0F), pulse is 60\/min, respirations are 12\/min, and blood pressure is 120\/70 mmHg BMI is 28. &nbsp;The skin has numerous scaly plaques. &nbsp;Abdomen is soft and nontender with no masses. &nbsp;Screening tests are ordered including a colonoscopy and hepatitis B serology. &nbsp;Laboratory results show a positive HBsAg, negative HBsAb, and positive anti-HBc IgG. &nbsp;Additional labs can be seen below. &nbsp;Which of the following is the best next step in management?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Laboratory value<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Result<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HBV DNA<\/td><td>24,000 IU\/mL<\/td><td>Not detected<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HBeAg<\/td><td>+<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ALT<\/td><td>82 IU\/L<\/td><td>8-40 IU\/L<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A. Hepatic elastography and initiation of entecavir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B. MRI of the liver and initiation of tenofovir<\/strong><strong>C. CT scan of the liver and initiation of lamivudine<br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D. Ultrasound of the liver and referral for liver transplant<\/strong><strong>E. Ultrasound of the liver and serial monitoring of labs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scroll down to find the answer!<em>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_correct_answer_to_todays_PANCE%C2%AE_Question_is%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>The correct answer to today&#8217;s PANCE\u00ae Question is&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Hepatic_elastography_and_initiation_of_entecavir\"><\/span><strong>A. Hepatic elastography and initiation of entecavir<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before we get to the Main Explanation, let&#8217;s look at the incorrect answer explanations. Skip to the bottom if you want to see the correct answer right away!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Incorrect_answer_explanations\"><\/span>Incorrect answer explanations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The incorrect answers to today&#8217;s PANCE\u00ae Question are&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_MRI_of_the_liver_and_initiation_of_tenofovir\"><\/span>B. MRI of the liver and initiation of tenofovir<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incorrect:<\/strong>&nbsp;Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B is necessary and is typically done with ultrasound. &nbsp;MRI can be used for further evaluation of concerning findings, or if the ultrasound is inconclusive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_CT_scan_of_the_liver_and_initiation_of_lamivudine\"><\/span><strong>C. &nbsp;CT scan of the liver and initiation of lamivudine<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incorrect:<\/strong>&nbsp;Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B is necessary and typically done with ultrasound. &nbsp;CT scan can be used for further evaluation of concerning findings,, or if the ultrasound is inconclusive and the patient has a contraindication to having an MRI.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"D_Ultrasound_of_the_liver_and_referral_for_liver_transplant\"><\/span>D. Ultrasound of the liver and referral for liver transplant<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incorrect:&nbsp;<\/strong>Ultrasound of the liver is indicated for hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with chronic hepatitis B, however, liver transplant is not indicated at this time in this stable patient without signs of fulminant hepatic failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E_Ultrasound_of_the_liver_and_serial_monitoring_of_labs\"><\/span>E. Ultrasound of the liver and serial monitoring of labs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incorrect:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ultrasound of the liver is indicated for hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with chronic hepatitis B; however this patient also requires initiation of antiviral medication given his family history, age, laboratory findings, and plans for use of immunosuppressive medications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/plans\/md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/79.png?w=700\" alt=\"Osmosis ad\" class=\"wp-image-513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/79.png 700w, https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/79.png?resize=300,107 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Main_Explanation\"><\/span><strong>Main Explanation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"844\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/09\/assessmemt-for-antiviral-treatment.png\" alt=\"assessment for indications for antiviral treatment\" class=\"wp-image-1201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/09\/assessmemt-for-antiviral-treatment.png 844w, https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/09\/assessmemt-for-antiviral-treatment.png?resize=300,167 300w, https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/09\/assessmemt-for-antiviral-treatment.png?resize=768,428 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 844px) 100vw, 844px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This patient\u2019s screening Hepatitis B labs are consistent with chronic hepatitis B infection. He should be treated with antiviral therapy given his age, family history of hepatocellular carcinoma, high viral load with active replication, and plans to start immunosuppressing medication. Patients with chronic hepatitis B should also have a hepatic elastography to assess for fibrosis unless liver biopsy is indicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treatment of hepatitis B infection varies depending on the stage and presenting features of the disease. Treatment may be purely supportive in mild cases, and in more severe cases treatment may include medications or even liver transplantation. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The need for antiviral medication in chronic hepatitis B infection is determined by assessment of viral load using HBV DNA, viral replication, and hepatitis e antigen and antibody status along with consideration of patient-specific risk factors and the condition of the liver. &nbsp;High levels of HBV DNA, active viral replication, elevated ALT, family history of hepatocellular carcinoma, age over 40, pregnancy, acute liver failure, presence of cirrhosis, immunosuppression, and coinfection with hepatitis C or HIV are all indications for treatment with antiviral therapy. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When indicated, first-line treatment is with nucleoside inhibitors such as entecavir or tenofovir. Pegylated interferon alpha may also be considered in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. &nbsp;Benefits of therapy include viral suppression, reduced risk of recurrent HBV if a liver transplant is needed, reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, and decreased risk of developing cirrhosis. &nbsp;Long-term management of chronic hepatitis B should include regular laboratory monitoring of CBC, CMP, PT\/INR, hepatitis B DNA, and e antigen as well as routine surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma with liver ultrasound and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein. Hepatic elastography should be done in all patients to assess for fibrosis unless a liver biopsy is needed. &nbsp;Counseling on lifestyle modifications should advise against the use of hepatotoxic medications including those sold over the counter, and cessation of smoking. &nbsp;Protective measures may help limit spread of the virus to others such as hepatitis B vaccination for household contacts and safe sexual practices. &nbsp;Hepatitis A vaccination should be administered and screening for other blood-borne infectious diseases should be performed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Takeaway\"><\/span><strong>Major Takeaway<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treatment of chronic hepatitis B includes antiviral medication when laboratory evaluation or risk factor analysis indicates an increased likelihood of complications from the disease. &nbsp;Long-term care consists of hepatic elastography, ultrasound, and alpha-fetoprotein for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma, routine lab monitoring, and lifestyle counseling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afdhal NH, Bacon BR, Brown RS Jr. Chronic hepatitis B: integrating long-term treatment data and strategies to improve outcomes in clinical practice. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2011 Mar;7(3 Suppl 4):1-16. PMID: 22557938; PMCID: PMC3337661.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wu YL, Shen CL, Chen XY. Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B: Safety, effectiveness, and prognosis. World J Clin Cases. 2019 Jul 26;7(14):1784-1794. doi: 10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i14.1784. PMID: 31417924; PMCID: PMC6692272.<br><em><strong>_________________________<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prepare for the PANCE with this comprehensive topic on pulmonary function testing (PFT) in asthma assessment. Follow the case of a 62-year-old man with psoriasis and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma presents with positive HBsAg, negative HBsAb, and positive anti-HBc IgG. What&#8217;s the best next step in management before starting immunosuppressive therapy? Ace your [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":204,"featured_media":1200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[20,1371,38,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-exam-prep","category-pance-questions","category-pance","category-pa"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PANCE\u00ae Question of the Day: Hepatitis B - Osmosis Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/blog\/pance-question-of-the-day-hepatitis-b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PANCE\u00ae Question of the Day: Hepatitis B - Osmosis Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prepare for the PANCE with this comprehensive topic on pulmonary function testing (PFT) in asthma assessment. Follow the case of a 62-year-old man with psoriasis and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma presents with positive HBsAg, negative HBsAb, and positive anti-HBc IgG. What&#8217;s the best next step in management before starting immunosuppressive therapy? 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