Electrolyte disturbances Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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A 67-year-old man with a history of hypertension and congestive heart failure presents to the primary care physician with muscle cramps, weakness, and fatigue. The patient has had multiple admissions to the hospital over the past several months and has been on escalating doses of bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide. He was recently ill with food poisoning. Temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse is 92/min, respirations are 16/min, blood pressure is 143/74 mmHg, and O2 saturation is 96% on room air. On physical exam the patient is not in acute distress, has 1+ peripheral edema in the lower extremities bilaterally, and has faint bibasilar rales. ECG is demonstrated below:  

A close-up shot of an electrocardiogram (ECG) printout, showing various wavy lines across a red grid background, representing heart electrical activity.
Image reproduced from Wikimedia Commons

Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient’s symptoms?  

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