Congenital neurological disorders Quiz: Ace Your Exams

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A 15-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents due to progressively worsening headaches over the past year. Medical history is unremarkable, other than mild scoliosis. Over the past year, he has been experiencing dull, diffuse headaches, especially in the morning. He also noted occasional blurry vision but did not seek care. Vital signs are normal. On physical examination, mild bilateral papilledema is noted. The rest of the physical exam is within normal limits. A brain MRI is obtained and shown below. This patient’s condition is also associated with which of the following findings?

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Progressive dysarthria, dysphagia, spastic limb weakness, and normal sensation

Loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities

Herniation of the spinal cord via a vertebral defect

Progressive symmetric ascending muscle paralysis

Progressive sensory ataxia