Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis Quiz: Ace Your Exams

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A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for concerns for an asthma exacerbation. According to the patient’s parent, the patient was playing unsupervised outside and has been wheezing since then. She reports the patient was playing in the garden and had dirt over his face when he came back inside. The patient was born full-term and is otherwise healthy. Temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse is 115/min, and blood pressure is 90/65 mmHg. Respiratory rate is 32/min, and oxygen saturation is 93% on room air. Physical examination is notable for coughing, transmitted upper airway sounds, faint wheezing, as well as diminished breath sounds and rales at the right lung base. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of this patient’s condition?

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