Ventricular septal defect Quiz: Ace Your Exams

Get ready to dominate your medical and nursing exams by using our dynamic quizzes to elevate your knowledge and increase your confidence. Whether you're gearing up for the USMLE®, COMLEX®, or your next in-class assessment, Osmosis quizzes tackle key topics in pathology, diagnostics, and treatment approaches. By honing in on clinical readiness and decision-making, we make sure the knowledge you gain empowers you both in the classroom and in real-world practice. Jump in and supercharge your exam prep!

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An 11-month-old girl is brought to the pediatrician for a routine visit. The parents have no acute complaints, and the patient has been meeting developmental milestones. Family history is notable for hypertension in her father and an atrial septal defect in her older brother. The rest of the history is noncontributory. Vitals are within normal limits. Physical examination is notable for a III/VI harsh, holosystolic murmur most prominent at the left lower sternal border. Pulmonary and abdominal examination is unremarkable. Review of the patient’s medical record reveals that no murmur was heard at the time of birth. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s findings? 

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