Achalasia
Summary of Achalasia
Achalasia is a failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter due to loss of the myenteric (Auerbach) plexus. This can lead to progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids. A barium swallow will show a dilated esophagus with an area of distal stenosis. This is also the characteristic 'bird's beak' sign.
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Pathology
Gastrointestinal system
Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity disorders
Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Esophageal web
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Pyloric stenosis
Sialadenitis
Parotitis
Oral candidiasis
Ludwig angina
Aphthous ulcers
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Dental abscess
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Dental caries disease
Oral cancer
Warthin tumor
Barrett esophagus
Achalasia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Boerhaave syndrome
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Zenker diverticulum
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Esophageal cancer
Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)
Gastritis
Gastric dumping syndrome
Peptic ulcer
Gastroparesis
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Gastroenteritis
Gastric cancer
Lower gastrointestinal tract disorders
Gastroschisis
Imperforate anus
Omphalocele
Meckel diverticulum
Intestinal atresia
Hirschsprung disease
Intestinal malrotation
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Intussusception
Tropical sprue
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Celiac disease
Short bowel syndrome (NORD)
Lactose intolerance
Whipple's disease
Protein losing enteropathy
Microscopic colitis
Crohn's disease
Ulcerative colitis
Bowel obstruction
Intestinal adhesions
Volvulus
Gallstone ileus
Abdominal hernias
Femoral hernia
Inguinal hernia
Small bowel ischemia and infarction
Ischemic colitis
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Gardner syndrome
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
Colorectal polyps
Colorectal cancer
Carcinoid syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome
Gastroenteritis
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
Appendicitis
Anal fissure
Anal fistula
Hemorrhoid
Rectal prolapse
Liver, gallbladder and pancreas disorders
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Biliary atresia
Gilbert's syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Rotor syndrome
Jaundice
Cirrhosis
Portal hypertension
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hemochromatosis
Wilson disease
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Cholestatic liver disease
Hepatocellular adenoma
Autoimmune hepatitis
Alcohol-induced liver disease