Allergic rhinitis
300,989views
00:00 / 00:00
Videos
Notes
Allergic rhinitis
Respiratory system
Upper respiratory tract disorders
Choanal atresia
Laryngomalacia
Allergic rhinitis
Nasal polyps
Upper respiratory tract infection
Sinusitis
Laryngitis
Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses
Bacterial epiglottitis
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lower respiratory tract disorders
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Apnea of prematurity
Sudden infant death syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness
Decompression sickness
Cyanide poisoning
Methemoglobinemia
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Restrictive lung diseases
Sarcoidosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Pneumonia
Croup
Bacterial tracheitis
Lung cancer
Pancoast tumor
Superior vena cava syndrome
Pleura and pleural space disorders
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Mesothelioma
Pulmonary vascular disorders
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary hypertension
Apnea and hypoventilation
Sleep apnea
Apnea of prematurity
Respiratory system pathology review
Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review
Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review
Pneumonia: Pathology review
Tuberculosis: Pathology review
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review
Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review
Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review
Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review
Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review
Assessments
Allergic rhinitis
Flashcards
0 / 11 complete
High Yield Notes
4 pages
Flashcards
Allergic rhinitis
of complete
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
External References
First Aid
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Rhinitis
phenylephrine for p. 243
type I hypersensitivity p. 110
External Links
Transcript
“Rhin” refers to the nose and “itis” refers to inflammation, so rhinitis is nasal inflammation.
Allergic rhinitis is also called hay fever, and it’s typically caused by allergens like hay, as well as pollen, dust, animal hair, or mold spores.
When the main trigger is pollinating plants, allergic rhinitis will flare up at specific times of the year.
Allergic rhinitis is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, which is a type of allergic reaction that starts with exposure to an environmental allergen.
So - let’s say that a bit of pollen enters the nose. It can get picked up by a dendritic cell which is a type of immune cell that gobbles up foreign particles and presents it to a nearby lymphocyte called a T cell.
If the T cell gets activated, it kicks into action, producing cytokines which helps to get other immune cells involved.
The exact type of T cell determines the type of immune response, and in allergic rhinitis there’s a bit of a T cell imbalance.
There are too many T cells that, when activated, stimulate B cells, another group of lymphocytes, to produce IgE antibodies.
Those IgE antibodies get released into the bloodstream and bind to mast cells, which are immune cells in the tissue that carry within themselves a load histamine.
Once bound by IgE the mast cells are “primed”, meaning if pollen enters the body again in the future, those mast cells degranulate and release their histamine into the local tissue.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Allergic Rhinitis" New England Journal of Medicine (2015)
- "Overview of 'Allergy and allergic diseases: with a view to the future'" British Medical Bulletin (2000)
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier, except certain content provided by third parties
Cookies are used by this site.
USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.
