Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh

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Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh

Prerequisite basic sciences

Prerequisite basic sciences

Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy clinical correlates: Inguinal region

Anatomy clinical correlates: Peritoneum and diaphragm

Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the gastrointestinal tract

Anatomy clinical correlates: Other abdominal organs

Appendicitis: Pathology review

Complications during pregnancy: Pathology review

Diverticular disease: Pathology review

Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review

GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review

Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review

Mood disorders: Pathology review

Pancreatitis: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Female pelvis and perineum

Cervical cancer: Pathology review

Complications during pregnancy: Pathology review

Uterine disorders: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart

Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum

Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs

Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall

Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review

Coronary artery disease: Pathology review

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review

GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review

ECG cardiac infarction and ischemia

Pigmentation skin disorders: Pathology review

Skin cancer: Pathology review

Papulosquamous and inflammatory skin disorders: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs

Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall

GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review

Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review

Pneumonia: Pathology review

Tuberculosis: Pathology review

Chest X-ray interpretation: Clinical sciences

Amnesia, dissociative disorders and delirium: Pathology review

Cerebral vascular disease: Pathology review

Dementia: Pathology review

Electrolyte disturbances: Pathology review

Mood disorders: Pathology review

Hypothyroidism: Pathology review

Mood disorders: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves

Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review

Cerebral vascular disease: Pathology review

Heart blocks: Pathology review

Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Valvular heart disease: Pathology review

Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Vertigo: Pathology review

ECG axis

ECG cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement

ECG intervals

ECG normal sinus rhythm

ECG QRS transition

ECG rate and rhythm

Kidney stones: Pathology review

Sexually transmitted infections: Vaginitis and cervicitis: Pathology review

Sexually transmitted infections: Warts and ulcers: Pathology review

Urinary tract infections: Pathology review

Central nervous system infections: Pathology review

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Pneumonia: Pathology review

Shock: Pathology review

Urinary tract infections: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior blood supply to the brain

Anatomy clinical correlates: Temporal regions, oral cavity and nose

Central nervous system infections: Pathology review

Cerebral vascular disease: Pathology review

Headaches: Pathology review

Traumatic brain injury: Pathology review

Vasculitis: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm

Anatomy clinical correlates: Axilla

Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, fascia and muscles of the neck

Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back

Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder

Anatomy clinical correlates: Foot

Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh

Anatomy clinical correlates: Knee

Anatomy clinical correlates: Leg and ankle

Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves

Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand

Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review

Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review

Heart failure: Pathology review

Nephrotic syndromes: Pathology review

Renal failure: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back

Anatomy clinical correlates: Vertebral canal

Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review

Back pain: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Inguinal region

Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum

Penile conditions: Pathology review

Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review

Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review

Testicular tumors: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs

Coronary artery disease: Pathology review

Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review

Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists

Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines

Pulmonary corticosteroids and mast cell inhibitors

Anatomy clinical correlates: Ear

Anatomy clinical correlates: Temporal regions, oral cavity and nose

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Sexually transmitted infections: Vaginitis and cervicitis: Pathology review

Transcript

At osmosis, we are not too sure where the phrase ‘break a leg’ comes from, but we are pretty sure it is not meant to be taken literally. In this video, we are going to discuss the anatomy behind the clinical conditions affecting the hip, gluteal region, and thigh, and we hope you won't even break a sweat learning these conditions, let alone a leg!

Let’s start with femoral neck fractures, often simply called hip fractures. They can be classified as intracapsular or extracapsular fractures based on their anatomic location. Intracapsular fractures occur in the region of the femoral head and neck within the joint capsule of the hip, while extracapsular fractures occur outside the fibrous joint capsule, anywhere in the intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric area of the femur.

Hip fractures are typically caused by mechanical falls or a trauma such as a car crash. And while they can affect anyone, they’re more likely to occur in the eldery, because of associated conditions such as osteoporosis, or Vitamin D and calcium deficiency. The classic presentation of a hip fracture is an individual who presents after a fall, and has an acutely shortened, externally rotated leg on physical examination compared to the contralateral side. This is due to the attachment points and pull of the iliopsoas and gluteus muscles. Other clinical features of a hip fracture include hip or back pain; joint deformity; and inability to bear weight.

Intracapsular fractures are at risk of avascular necrosis and displacement of the femoral head, whereas extracapsular fractures are less likely to undergo avascular necrosis. See, with an intracapsular hip fracture, the retinacular arteries, branching mainly from the medial circumflex femoral arteries are disrupted, resulting in potential avascular necrosis to the femoral head as the artery within the ligament to the head of the femur isn’t able to ensure adequate blood supply on its own. Conversely, with extracapsular femoral neck fractures, these arteries are not disrupted and maintain their function.

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