Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh
00:00 / 00:00
Videos
Notes
Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh
Medical and surgical emergencies
Cardiology, cardiac surgery and vascular surgery
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS): Clinical (To be retired)
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Heart failure: Clinical (To be retired)
Syncope: Clinical (To be retired)
Pericardial disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Valvular heart disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Chest trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Shock: Clinical (To be retired)
Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Leg ulcers: Clinical (To be retired)
Aortic aneurysms and dissections: Clinical (To be retired)
Cholinomimetics: Direct agonists
Cholinomimetics: Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases)
Muscarinic antagonists
Sympathomimetics: Direct agonists
Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists
Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
cGMP mediated smooth muscle vasodilators
Class I antiarrhythmics: Sodium channel blockers
Class II antiarrhythmics: Beta blockers
Class III antiarrhythmics: Potassium channel blockers
Class IV antiarrhythmics: Calcium channel blockers and others
Positive inotropic medications
Antiplatelet medications
Dermatology and plastic surgery
Blistering skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Bites and stings: Clinical (To be retired)
Burns: Clinical (To be retired)
Endocrinology and ENT (Otolaryngology)
Diabetes mellitus: Clinical (To be retired)
Hyperthyroidism: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis: Clinical (To be retired)
Parathyroid conditions and calcium imbalance: Clinical (To be retired)
Adrenal insufficiency: Clinical (To be retired)
Neck trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Insulins
Mineralocorticoids and mineralocorticoid antagonists
Glucocorticoids
Gastroenterology and general surgery
Abdominal pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Appendicitis: Clinical (To be retired)
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Clinical (To be retired)
Peptic ulcers and stomach cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Diverticular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Gallbladder disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Pancreatitis: Clinical (To be retired)
Cirrhosis: Clinical (To be retired)
Hernias: Clinical (To be retired)
Bowel obstruction: Clinical (To be retired)
Abdominal trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Laxatives and cathartics
Antidiarrheals
Acid reducing medications
Hematology and oncology
Blood products and transfusion: Clinical (To be retired)
Venous thromboembolism: Clinical (To be retired)
Anticoagulants: Heparin
Anticoagulants: Warfarin
Anticoagulants: Direct factor inhibitors
Antiplatelet medications
Thrombolytics
Infectious diseases
Fever of unknown origin: Clinical (To be retired)
Infective endocarditis: Clinical (To be retired)
Pneumonia: Clinical (To be retired)
Tuberculosis: Pathology review
Diarrhea: Clinical (To be retired)
Urinary tract infections: Clinical (To be retired)
Meningitis, encephalitis and brain abscesses: Clinical (To be retired)
Bites and stings: Clinical (To be retired)
Skin and soft tissue infections: Clinical (To be retired)
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Antituberculosis medications
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
Herpesvirus medications
Azoles
Echinocandins
Miscellaneous antifungal medications
Anthelmintic medications
Antimalarials
Anti-mite and louse medications
Nephrology and urology
Hypernatremia: Clinical (To be retired)
Hyponatremia: Clinical (To be retired)
Hyperkalemia: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypokalemia: Clinical (To be retired)
Metabolic and respiratory acidosis: Clinical (To be retired)
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis: Clinical (To be retired)
Toxidromes: Clinical (To be retired)
Medication overdoses and toxicities: Pathology review
Environmental and chemical toxicities: Pathology review
Acute kidney injury: Clinical (To be retired)
Kidney stones: Clinical (To be retired)
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Neurology and neurosurgery
Stroke: Clinical (To be retired)
Seizures: Clinical (To be retired)
Headaches: Clinical (To be retired)
Traumatic brain injury: Clinical (To be retired)
Neck trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Lower back pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Spinal cord disorders: Pathology review
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants
Migraine medications
Osmotic diuretics
Antiplatelet medications
Thrombolytics
Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists
Opioid antagonists
Pulmonology and thoracic surgery
Asthma: Clinical (To be retired)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Clinical (To be retired)
Venous thromboembolism: Clinical (To be retired)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Clinical (To be retired)
Pleural effusion: Clinical (To be retired)
Pneumothorax: Clinical (To be retired)
Chest trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists
Pulmonary corticosteroids and mast cell inhibitors
Rheumatology and orthopedic surgery
Joint pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder
Anatomy clinical correlates: Axilla
Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand
Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back
Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh
Anatomy clinical correlates: Knee
Anatomy clinical correlates: Leg and ankle
Anatomy clinical correlates: Foot
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Glucocorticoids
Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists
Antigout medications
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
Transcript
Contributors
Daniel Afloarei, MD
Sam Gillespie, BSc
Cassidy Dermott
Elizabeth Nixon-Shapiro, MSMI, CMI
Kaia Chessen, MScBMC
At osmosis, we are not too sure where the phrase ‘break a leg’ comes from, but we are pretty sure it is not meant to be taken literally. In this video, we are going to discuss the anatomy behind the clinical conditions affecting the hip, gluteal region, and thigh, and we hope you won't even break a sweat learning these conditions, let alone a leg!
Let’s start with femoral neck fractures, often simply called hip fractures. They can be classified as intracapsular or extracapsular fractures based on their anatomic location. Intracapsular fractures occur in the region of the femoral head and neck within the joint capsule of the hip, while extracapsular fractures occur outside the fibrous joint capsule, anywhere in the intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric area of the femur.
Hip fractures are typically caused by mechanical falls or a trauma such as a car crash. And while they can affect anyone, they’re more likely to occur in the eldery, because of associated conditions such as osteoporosis, or Vitamin D and calcium deficiency. The classic presentation of a hip fracture is an individual who presents after a fall, and has an acutely shortened, externally rotated leg on physical examination compared to the contralateral side. This is due to the attachment points and pull of the iliopsoas and gluteus muscles. Other clinical features of a hip fracture include hip or back pain; joint deformity; and inability to bear weight.
Intracapsular fractures are at risk of avascular necrosis and displacement of the femoral head, whereas extracapsular fractures are less likely to undergo avascular necrosis. See, with an intracapsular hip fracture, the retinacular arteries, branching mainly from the medial circumflex femoral arteries are disrupted, resulting in potential avascular necrosis to the femoral head as the artery within the ligament to the head of the femur isn’t able to ensure adequate blood supply on its own. Conversely, with extracapsular femoral neck fractures, these arteries are not disrupted and maintain their function.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier, except certain content provided by third parties
Cookies are used by this site.
USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.
