Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum
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Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum
Subspeciality surgery
Cardiothoracic surgery
Coronary artery disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Valvular heart disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Pericardial disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Aortic aneurysms and dissections: Clinical (To be retired)
Chest trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Pleural effusion: Clinical (To be retired)
Pneumothorax: Clinical (To be retired)
Lung cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart
Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors
cGMP mediated smooth muscle vasodilators
Lipid-lowering medications: Statins
Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates
Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications
Antiplatelet medications
Plastic surgery
Benign hyperpigmented skin lesions: Clinical (To be retired)
Skin cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Blistering skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Bites and stings: Clinical (To be retired)
Burns: Clinical (To be retired)
ENT (Otolaryngology)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp
Anatomy clinical correlates: Ear
Anatomy clinical correlates: Temporal regions, oral cavity and nose
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, fascia and muscles of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vessels, nerves and lymphatics of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the neck
Antihistamines for allergies
Neurosurgery
Stroke: Clinical (To be retired)
Seizures: Clinical (To be retired)
Headaches: Clinical (To be retired)
Traumatic brain injury: Clinical (To be retired)
Neck trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Brain tumors: Clinical (To be retired)
Lower back pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vertebral canal
Anatomy clinical correlates: Spinal cord pathways
Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebral hemispheres
Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior blood supply to the brain
Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebellum and brainstem
Anatomy clinical correlates: Posterior blood supply to the brain
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants
Migraine medications
Osmotic diuretics
Antiplatelet medications
Thrombolytics
Ophthalmology
Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review
Anatomy clinical correlates: Olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Eye
Orthopedic surgery
Joint pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Lower back pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder
Anatomy clinical correlates: Axilla
Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand
Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back
Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh
Anatomy clinical correlates: Knee
Anatomy clinical correlates: Leg and ankle
Anatomy clinical correlates: Foot
Trauma surgery
Traumatic brain injury: Clinical (To be retired)
Neck trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Chest trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Abdominal trauma: Clinical (To be retired)
Urology
Penile conditions: Pathology review
Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review
Testicular tumors: Pathology review
Kidney stones: Clinical (To be retired)
Renal cysts and cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Urinary incontinence: Pathology review
Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review
Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Female pelvis and perineum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Other abdominal organs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Inguinal region
Androgens and antiandrogens
PDE5 inhibitors
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Vascular surgery
Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Leg ulcers: Clinical (To be retired)
Aortic aneurysms and dissections: Clinical (To be retired)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
Lipid-lowering medications: Statins
Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates
Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications
Antiplatelet medications
Thrombolytics
Assessments
Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum
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Transcript
Content Reviewers
Scott Caterine, BSc (Hons.), MSc, MB, BCh, BAO (Hons.)Contributors
Jake Ryan
Ursula Florjanczyk, MScBMC
The pelvis lies between the abdomen and the lower limbs, forming the lower part of the trunk. It supports and contains organs of the gastrointestinal system, the urinary system, and the reproductive system.
Furthermore, the structure and contents of the pelvis differs between biological male and biological female individuals. For biological males, there are many clinical conditions that can affect the pelvis and the perineum, and we mean more than just the ones that will make you famous on Youtube or get you on America’s Funniest Home Videos.
The pelvis is formed by the ilium, ischium, pubis, and sacrum, forming a ring of bones called the pelvic ring. Pelvic bones, like any other bone in the body, are susceptible to injury and subsequent fracture. Fractures of the pelvis usually occur following severe trauma, and this can happen through a variety of mechanisms.
Fractures can occur in isolation, but since the pelvis is shaped like a bony ring, they tend to occur in two or more areas simultaneously, which means they’re unstable fractures. Think of trying to break a pretzel at only one point!
Direct trauma, for example a car crash, may fracture susceptible areas such as the pubic rami, the acetabulum, the sacroiliac joints, and the ala of the ilium. Other mechanisms of injury include falling directly on one of the lower limbs, which can force the head of the femur into the pelvic cavity through the acetabulum. These different injuries can damage pelvic structures such as vessels, nerves, and viscera, resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations.
One classic example is called an open book fracture, where there is pelvic ring disruption due to anterior widening typically at the pubic symphysis. Fracture of the medial portion of the pubic rami can lead to injury of the urinary bladder and urethra, as well as sensory damage to the anterior and medial thigh and motor weakness to the muscles supplied by the femoral nerve.
Sources
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- "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" The Lancet (2016)
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- "Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice E-Book" Elsevier Health Sciences (2017)
- "ATLS Advanced Trauma Life Support 10th Edition Student Course Manual" American College of Surgeons (2018)
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