Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp
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Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp
Anatomy
Head
Bones of the cranium
Anatomy of the cranial base
Anatomy of the orbit
Anatomy of the eye
Anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Anatomy of the oral cavity
Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication
Muscles of the face and scalp
Anatomy of the salivary glands
Nerves and vessels of the face and scalp
Anatomy of the tongue
Anatomy of the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) fossa
Anatomy of the inner ear
Anatomy of the infratemporal fossa
Anatomy of the external and middle ear
Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp
Anatomy clinical correlates: Ear
Anatomy clinical correlates: Eye
Anatomy clinical correlates: Temporal regions, oral cavity and nose
Neck
Bones of the neck
Superficial structures of the neck: Posterior triangle
Superficial structures of the neck: Cervical plexus
Superficial structures of the neck: Anterior triangle
Deep structures of the neck: Prevertebral muscles
Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Anatomy of the larynx and trachea
Anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus
Anatomy of the lymphatics of the neck
Fascia and spaces of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, fascia and muscles of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vessels, nerves and lymphatics of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the neck
Cranial nerves
Introduction to the cranial nerves
Cranial nerve pathways
Anatomy of the olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy of the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Anatomy of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Anatomy of the spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Anatomy of the vagus nerve (CN X)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Assessments
Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp
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Memory Anchors and Partner Content
Transcript
Contributors
Stefan Stoisavljevic, MD
Jake Ryan
Alaina Mueller
Patricia Nguyen, MScBMC
The head is one of the most complex parts of our body. Besides having an abundance of muscles, nerves and blood vessels, it protects our brain and houses various facial structures. In this video, we’ll go through a variety of conditions that can affect the skull, face, and scalp. This might not be the easiest subject to learn about, but you’ll see that it’s nothing to get a headache over!
First, let’s discuss the bones of the skull that make up the cranial vault, which as a group are also called the calvaria. We’ll start from the very beginning of their development. See, the flat bones that make up the skulls of neonates have gaps between them and these gaps are covered by fibrous membranes. These membrane-covered gaps between the bones are called fontanelles. The anterior fontanelle is a large diamond-shaped area found at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal sutures and frontal suture.
In adults, this point where the sutures eventually come together is called the bregma. The anterior fontanelle is bordered by the frontal bone anteriorly and two parietal bones posteriorly. By 18 months of age, the bones fuse together and the anterior fontanelle closes. The posterior fontanelle is a triangular shaped membrane found at the junction of the lambdoid sutures and sagittal suture. In adults, this point is called the lambda. The posterior fontanelle is bordered by the two parietal bones anteriorly and the occipital bone posteriorly. The posterior fontanelle usually closes during the first few months of life and is no longer palpable by the end of the first year.
By palpating fontanelles before they close, bone growth and development of the skull can be assessed. How fontanelles look is also important from a clinical standpoint. For example, a depressed fontanelle can indicate dehydration, while a bulging fontanelle can signal increased intracranial pressure.
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