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ANTIBIOTICS: TETRACYCLINES AND GLYCYLCYCLINES | ||
DRUG NAME | tetracycline, doxycycline (Vibramycin), minocycline (Minocin) | tigecycline (Tygacil) |
CLASS | Antibiotics: Tetracyclines | Antibiotics: Glycylcyclines |
MECHANISM OF ACTION | Enter inside bacteria → Inhibit protein synthesis → Stop bacterial growth | |
INDICATIONS |
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ROUTE(S) OF ADMINISTRATION |
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SIDE EFFECTS |
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CONTRAINDICATIONS AND CAUTIONS |
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NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: TETRACYCLINES | ||
ASSESSMENT & MONITORING | Assessment
Monitoring
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CLIENT EDUCATION |
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Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which were originally derived from soil-dwelling Streptomyces bacteria.
These medications can be used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including central nervous system infections like meningitis, respiratory infections like community-acquired pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections like cholera, skin conditions like acne, and genitourinary infections like chlamydia and syphilis.
In addition, tetracyclines can be used to treat rare infections like rocky mountain spotted fever, anthrax, lyme disease, and tularemia.
Tetracyclines are very effective against gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium spp, as well as some gram-negative bacteria like Shigella spp, Escherichia coli, Rickettsia spp, Borrelia burgdorferi, Helicobacter pylori, and Neisseria meningitidis, and finally some atypical bacteria like Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Vibrio cholerae, and Francisella tularensis.
However, some of these bacteria developed resistance against tetracyclines in time. So as a solution, tetracyclines were modified into a newer generation of antibiotics called glycylcyclines. These are commonly used in complicated skin infections and intra abdominal infections.
Glycylcyclines are very effective against some gram-positive bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes, Clostridium perfringens, both methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; and gram-negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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