Atrial septal defect
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Atrial septal defect
Cardiovascular system
Cardiac arrhythmias
Atrioventricular block
Bundle branch block
Pulseless electrical activity
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
Premature atrial contraction
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Brugada syndrome
Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes
Premature ventricular contraction
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia
Cardiac tumors
Cardiac tumors
Shock
Shock
Vascular disorders
Arterial disease
Aneurysms
Aortic dissection
Angina pectoris
Coronary steal syndrome
Myocardial infarction
Prinzmetal angina
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Abetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Coarctation of the aorta
Conn syndrome
Cushing syndrome
Hypertension
Hypertensive emergency
Pheochromocytoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal artery stenosis
Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Lymphangioma
Lymphedema
Peripheral artery disease
Subclavian steal syndrome
Nutcracker syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Angiosarcomas
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Vascular tumors
Behcet's disease
Kawasaki disease
Vasculitis
Chronic venous insufficiency
Deep vein thrombosis
Thrombophlebitis
Cardiovascular system pathology review
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review
Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Shock: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Valvular heart disease: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Assessments
Atrial septal defect
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Atrial septal defect
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USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
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Which of the following is the most likely explanation of these findings?
External References
First Aid
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Atrial septal defect (ASD) p. 305
congenital rubella p. 306
diastolic murmur in p. 297
Down syndrome p. 306
fetal alcohol syndrome p. 306
Emboli
atrial septal defect p. 305
patent foramen ovale p. 286
Foramen ovale
atrial septal defect p. 305
Heart failure p. 318
atrial septal defect p. 305
Patent foramen ovale
atrial septal defect vs p. 305
septal fusion failure p. 286
Transcript
Content Reviewers
The atrial septum separates the right and left atrium of the heart. An atrial septal defect describes when there’s an opening in a baby’s heart between these two upper chambers. But how does this opening form? Well, let’s run through how the septum develops in the first place.
When the heart is first developing, a tissue called the septum primum between the left and right atria grows downward, slowly creating two separate chambers by closing this gap, or ostium primum, which means “first opening.” The septum primum then fuses with the endocardial cushion and closes the gap completely. Meanwhile, a hole appears in the upper area, called the ostium secundum, or “second opening.” Now, we also have the septum secundum which grows downward, just to the right of the septum primum, and covers the ostium secundum like a curtain, leaving a small opening called the foramen ovale, thus essentially creating a makeshift valve that allows blood to go from right atrium to left atrium, but not the other way.
The developing newborn gets oxygenated blood from the placenta, which goes from the umbilical vein over to the right atrium, which is different because after development, only deoxygenated blood goes to the right atrium, and then gets sent to the lungs to pick up some oxygen. In the developing fetus, though, it’s already oxygenated, so instead of going to the right ventricle and to the lungs and back to the left atrium, it just bypasses the right ventricle and lungs through the foramen ovale and goes into the left atrium. The oxygenated blood then goes to the left ventricle to be pumped to the body.
Sources
- "Atrial septal defect" undefined (undefined)
- "Heart embryology video" undefined (2011)
- "Fetal circulation." undefined (2016)
- "Robbins Basic Pathology (10 edition)" Elsevier (2017)
- "Classification of atrial septal defects (ASDs), and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated ASDs in children" undefined (2017)
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