Atrial septal defect
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Atrial septal defect
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Atrial septal defect
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Which of the following is the most likely explanation of these findings?
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Atrial septal defect (ASD) p. 305
congenital rubella p. 306
diastolic murmur in p. 297
Down syndrome p. 306
fetal alcohol syndrome p. 306
Emboli
atrial septal defect p. 305
patent foramen ovale p. 286
Foramen ovale
atrial septal defect p. 305
Heart failure p. 318
atrial septal defect p. 305
Patent foramen ovale
atrial septal defect vs p. 305
septal fusion failure p. 286
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Transcript
Contributors
Tanner Marshall, MS
Kara Lukasiewicz, PhD, MScBMC
The atrial septum separates the right and left atrium of the heart. An atrial septal defect describes when there’s an opening in a baby’s heart between these two upper chambers. But how does this opening form? Well, let’s run through how the septum develops in the first place.
When the heart is first developing, a tissue called the septum primum between the left and right atria grows downward, slowly creating two separate chambers by closing this gap, or ostium primum, which means “first opening.” The septum primum then fuses with the endocardial cushion and closes the gap completely. Meanwhile, a hole appears in the upper area, called the ostium secundum, or “second opening.” Now, we also have the septum secundum which grows downward, just to the right of the septum primum, and covers the ostium secundum like a curtain, leaving a small opening called the foramen ovale, thus essentially creating a makeshift valve that allows blood to go from right atrium to left atrium, but not the other way.
The developing newborn gets oxygenated blood from the placenta, which goes from the umbilical vein over to the right atrium, which is different because after development, only deoxygenated blood goes to the right atrium, and then gets sent to the lungs to pick up some oxygen. In the developing fetus, though, it’s already oxygenated, so instead of going to the right ventricle and to the lungs and back to the left atrium, it just bypasses the right ventricle and lungs through the foramen ovale and goes into the left atrium. The oxygenated blood then goes to the left ventricle to be pumped to the body.
Sources
- "Atrial septal defect" undefined (undefined)
- "Heart embryology video" undefined (2011)
- "Fetal circulation." undefined (2016)
- "Robbins Basic Pathology (10 edition)" Elsevier (2017)
- "Classification of atrial septal defects (ASDs), and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated ASDs in children" undefined (2017)
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