Baker cyst

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Summary of Baker cyst

A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a benign swelling of the semimembranosus or more rarely some other synovial bursa found behind the knee joint. This is not a "true" cyst, as an open communication with the synovial sac is often maintained.

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Baker cyst

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NOTES NOTES JOINT PATHOLOGY GENERALLY, WHAT IS IT? PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Disorders affecting joints ▪ Most commonly caused by trauma SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ Asymptomatic or pain during rest/ movement DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING ▪ Radiography ▪ MRI LAB RESULTS ▪ Synovial ﬂuid analysis TREATMENT ▪ Treat symptoms pharmacologically ▪ Surgical procedures BAKER'S CYST osms.it/bakers-cyst PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Synovial ﬂuid accumulates in popliteal bursa (between medial head of gastrocnemius, semimembranosus muscles) → swelling ▪ Adults: popliteal bursa communicates with synovial sac; underlying knee joint disease main cause ▫ Knee joint disease → ↑ synovial ﬂuid production → synovial ﬂuid squeezes through valve-like formation into bursa → ﬂuid unable to ﬂow backward → bursa enlarges → lump-like structure in the popliteal fossa ▪ Children: noncommunicating cyst; usually arises as primary process 658 OSMOSIS.ORG CAUSES ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Chronic knee joint trauma Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Meniscal tears COMPLICATIONS ▪ Cyst enlargement ▫ In popliteal space → obstruction of veins → lower leg swelling ▫ Extension to calf → swelling, redness, bruising, positive Homan’s sign (calf pain during dorsiﬂexion of the foot) → similar to deep-vein blood clot ▪ Rupture

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Baker cyst

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USMLE® Step 2 style questions USMLE

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A 47-year-old man comes to the office because of a 1-week history of right knee pain and limited lower limb movement. His medical history is relevant to previous knee trauma and a recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. The patient currently works as a football coach. Physical examination shows well-circumscribed swelling, tenderness, and increased volume in the posterior region of the right knee and limited 90-degree angle extension/in flexion of his right knee. Additionally, the increased volume in the right knee posterior region disappears with a 45-degree flexion. His temperature is 36.4°C (97.5°F), pulse is 80/min, respirations are 14/min, blood pressure is 110/60 mmHg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?

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