Bone tumors
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Bone tumors
Pathology
Bone disorders
Osteomyelitis
Bone tumors
Chondrosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Achondroplasia
Arthrogryposis
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Club foot
Craniosynostosis
Flat feet
Genu valgum
Genu varum
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Pectus excavatum
Pigeon toe
Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis
Osteomalacia and rickets
Osteopetrosis
Osteoporosis
Osteosclerosis
Paget disease of bone
Musculoskeletal injuries and trauma
Degenerative disc disease
Sciatica
Spinal disc herniation
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
Achilles tendon rupture
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Iliotibial band syndrome
Meniscus tear
Patellar tendon rupture
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Sprained ankle
Unhappy triad
Compartment syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Sciatica
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Ulnar claw
Winged scapula
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Dislocated shoulder
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Rotator cuff tear
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Ulnar claw
Winged scapula
Musculoskeletal system pathology review
Back pain: Pathology review
Bone disorders: Pathology review
Bone tumors: Pathology review
Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review
Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review
Myalgias and myositis: Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review
Pediatric musculoskeletal disorders: Pathology review
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Pathology review
Scleroderma: Pathology review
Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review
Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
Assessments
Bone tumors
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USMLE® Step 1 questions
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High Yield Notes
9 pages
Flashcards
Bone tumors
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Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
of complete
| Laboratory value | Result |
| Hemoglobin | 11.2 g/dL |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin | 90 fl |
| Creatinine | 2.3 mg/dL |
| Total protein | 9.5 |
| Albumin | 3.2 g/dL |
| Sodium | 132 mEq/L |
| Potassium | 4.2 mEq/L |
| Chloride | 95 mEq/L |
| Calcium | 12 mg/dl |
Radiograph of the spine reveals multiple areas of hyperlucency at the lumbar and thoracic regions. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?
External References
First Aid
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Bone cancer p. 473
primary bone tumors p. 474
Bone tumors p. 474-475
“Brown” bone tumor p. 722
Transcript
Content Reviewers
Bone tumors form when a bone cell divides uncontrollably and forms a mass or tumor.
If the tumor remains confined and doesn’t spread into surrounding tissues, then it’s considered benign.
But if the tumor invades into surrounding tissues and metastasizes or spreads through blood or lymph, then it’s considered malignant.
Malignant tumors can either be primary which is when they arise from the bone cells, or secondary, which is when a tumor developed somewhere else in the body, metastasized, and spread to the bones.
The most common sources of tumor cells that affect the bones but start somewhere else in the body, are the breast, prostate, the lungs, the thyroid, and the kidneys.
Now, even though the bones vary in size and shape, they are all made of the same types of cells, and chief among them are osteoblasts which build up new bone, and osteoclasts which help with bone breakdown or resorption.
Now in addition to these, there are some more primitive cells in the bone marrow called human mesenchymal stem cells and neuroectodermal cells, which have the ability to differentiate into many cell types including nerve, fat, bone, and cartilage cells.
Now, in terms of anatomy, looking at a long- bone like the femur - it has two epiphyses, which are the ends that contribute to joints with other bones.
Between the two epiphyses, is the diaphysis, also called the bone shaft.
In children and adolescents, there is an additional narrow portion between the epiphysis and the diaphysis called the metaphysis.
The metaphysis contains the growth plate, the part of the bone that grows during childhood.
In adults the growth plate has ossified and fused with the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
Now, there are genes that promote normal cell growth called proto-oncogenes.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Normal Bone Anatomy and Physiology" Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)
- "Osteoid osteoma: diagnosis and treatment" Radiologia Brasileira (2015)
- "Clinical and morphological characteristics of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: a retrospective single-center analysis of 204 patients" Annals of Diagnostic Pathology (2014)
- "Diagnosis and treatment of Ewing sarcoma of the bone: a review article" Journal of Orthopaedic Science (2015)
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