Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
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Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
Physiology
Anatomy and physiology
Cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology
Lymphatic system anatomy and physiology
Coronary circulation
Hemodynamics
Blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance
Pressures in the cardiovascular system
Laminar flow and Reynolds number
Resistance to blood flow
Compliance of blood vessels
Control of blood flow circulation
Microcirculation and Starling forces
Cardiac output
Measuring cardiac output (Fick principle)
Stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output
Cardiac contractility
Frank-Starling relationship
Cardiac preload
Cardiac afterload
Law of Laplace
Cardiac and vascular function curves
Altering cardiac and vascular function curves
Cardiac cycle and pressure-volume loops
Cardiac work
Cardiac cycle
Pressure-volume loops
Changes in pressure-volume loops
Cardiovascular physiological responses
Physiological changes during exercise
Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
Cardiovascular changes during postural change
Auscultation of the heart
Normal heart sounds
Abnormal heart sounds
Myocyte electrophysiology
Action potentials in myocytes
Action potentials in pacemaker cells
Excitability and refractory periods
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Electrocardiography
Electrical conduction in the heart
Cardiac conduction velocity
ECG basics
ECG normal sinus rhythm
ECG intervals
ECG QRS transition
ECG axis
ECG rate and rhythm
ECG cardiac infarction and ischemia
ECG cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement
Blood pressure regulation
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
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Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
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Summary
The sudden loss of blood that occurs during hemorrhage causes the cardiovascular system to change in several ways. The perfusion to various organs becomes compromised, leading to different compensatory mechanisms by the body to restore appropriate perfusion. The most immediate change is that the heart rate will increase as the body tries to get more blood to the vital organs. The blood pressure will also decrease, leading to hypoperfusion of the tissues, which means that insufficient oxygen and nutrients are getting delivered to the cells. Hemorrhage can cause organ damage and even death due to hypovolemic shock.
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