Cerebellum
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High Yield Notes
17 pages
Flashcards
Cerebellum
de completadas
External References
First Aid
2024
2023
2022
2021
Ataxia
cerebellar hemisphere lesions p. 524
Breast cancer
paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and p. 219
Cerebellar degeneration
paraneoplastic p. 219
with small cell carcinoma p. 703
Cerebellar lesions
hemisphere p. 524
lateral p. 510
medial p. 510
vermis lesions p. 524
Cerebellum
development of p. 500
input/output of p. 510
thalamic connections p. 508
tonsils p. 363
Gait disturbance
cerebellar lesions and p. 510
Hodgkin lymphoma
paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and p. 219
Intention tremor p. 533
cerebellar lesions p. 524
Lateral cerebellar lesions p. 510
Medial cerebellar lesions p. 510
Nystagmus
cerebellum p. 510
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration p. 219
Purkinje cells
cerebellum p. 510
of cerebellum p. 206
in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration p. 219
Subacute cerebellar degeneration p. 703
Transcript
Cerebellum literally means little brain - and it looks like a miniature version of the brain, or cerebrum.
The cerebellum coordinates movements, controls posture, balance and fine motor movement, and is involved in motor learning - like learning how to ride a bicycle.
The cerebellum sits in the posterior part of the skull called the posterior cranial fossa.
Above it are the occipital and temporal lobes of the brain. It’s separated from the brain by a fibrous membrane called the tentorium cerebelli - a fold of dura matter which is one of the layers called meninges that covers the brain and spinal cord.
The cerebellum lies posterior to the brainstem and is attached to it by a stalk of tissue divided into three parts - the superior, middle, and inferior peduncles.
These peduncles contain nerve axons going back and forth between the cerebellum and the brain, the internal ear, and the spinal cord via the brainstem.
The cerebellum consists of two hemispheres separated by a narrow, ridge in the middle called the vermis.
Now if we look at a cross-section, we can see three lobes.
We have the anterior lobe superiorly, and it is separated from the posterior lobe by the primary fissure.
At the tip of the posterior lobe is a very tiny lobe called the flocculonodular lobe and these two are separated by the posterolateral fissure.
The outer layer of the cerebellum is called the cortex and it’s folded into many tiny wrinkles called folia. These are much smaller than the wrinkles found on the cerebrum, and this allows it to have a larger surface area when unfolded even though it occupies only 10% of the brain volume.
The cortex of the cerebellum consists of three layers: The innermost, granular layer which contains the cell bodies of the granular cells, the Purkinje layer which contains the cell bodies of the Purkinje cells, and the molecular layer were various neurons synapse with each other.
Under the cortex, lies the white matter, also referred to as the arbor vitae, which means the tree of life, because in cross section it looks like a tree.
Resumen
The cerebellum is a part of the brain that lies at the back of the head, beneath the cerebrum. It plays an important role in controlling movement and balance. Damage to the cerebellum can lead to problems with movement and balance. The cerebellum contains many Purkinje cells, which are responsible for processing information related to movement and balance from other parts of the brain. Damage to these cells can lead to problems with movement and balance. The cerebellum also contains deep nuclei, which are responsible for processing information from other parts of the brain related to movement and balance. These nuclei include the dentate nucleus, the interposed nuclei, which comprise the globose and emboliform nuclei, and the fastigial nucleus. Damage to these nuclei can lead to problems with movement and balance.
Fuentes
- "Medical Physiology" Elsevier (2016)
- "Physiology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Human Anatomy & Physiology" Pearson (2018)
- "Principles of Anatomy and Physiology" Wiley (2014)
- "Critical role of cerebellar fastigial nucleus in programming sequences of saccades" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2011)
- "The neuropathology of the adult cerebellum" The Cerebellum: From Embryology to Diagnostic Investigations (2018)