Chronic leukemia
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Chronic leukemia
Hematological system
Anemias
Iron deficiency anemia
Beta-thalassemia
Alpha-thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Lead poisoning
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Sickle cell disease (NORD)
Hereditary spherocytosis
Anemia of chronic disease
Aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Folate (Vitamin B9) deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Fanconi anemia
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Heme synthesis disorders
Acute intermittent porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Lead poisoning
Coagulation disorders
Hemophilia
Vitamin K deficiency
Platelet disorders
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders
Von Willebrand disease
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability)
Antithrombin III deficiency
Factor V Leiden
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Lymphomas
Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Leukemias
Chronic leukemia
Acute leukemia
Leukemoid reaction
Leukemoid reaction
Dysplastic and proliferative disorders
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Polycythemia vera (NORD)
Myelofibrosis (NORD)
Essential thrombocythemia (NORD)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Mastocytosis (NORD)
Plasma cell dyscrasias
Multiple myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Hematological system pathology review
Microcytic anemia: Pathology review
Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review
Heme synthesis disorders: Pathology review
Coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Platelet disorders: Pathology review
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability): Pathology review
Lymphomas: Pathology review
Leukemias: Pathology review
Plasma cell disorders: Pathology review
Myeloproliferative disorders: Pathology review
Assessments
Chronic leukemia
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Flashcards
Chronic leukemia
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Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
of complete
| Laboratory value | Result |
| Complete blood count | |
| Hemoglobin | 9.3 g/dL |
| Platelets | 70,000/mm3 |
| Leukocytes | 6,000/mm3 |
Reproduced from:Wikimedia Commons
Which of the following genes is most likely to be mutated in this patient?
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
External References
First Aid
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
“Blast crisis p. 440
Blast crisis in CML p. 730
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) p. 440
age ranges p. 730
basophilia caused by p. 416
busulfan for p. 448
chromosomal translocations and p. 442
imatinib for p. 449
oncogenes and p. 222
Philadelphia chromosome p. 730
Transcript
With chronic leukemia, “leuk” refers to white blood cells, and “emia” refers to the blood; so in chronic leukemia there are lots of partially developed white blood cells in the blood over a long period of time.
These partially developed white blood cells interfere with the development and function of healthy white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells.
Now, every blood cell starts its life in the bone marrow as a hematopoietic stem cell.
Hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent -- meaning that they can give rise to both myeloid or lymphoid blood cells.
If a hematopoietic stem cell develops into a myeloid cell, it’ll mature into an erythrocyte -- or a red blood cell, a thrombocyte -- or a platelet, or a leukocyte -- or a white blood cell, like a monocyte or granulocyte.
Granulocytes are cells with tiny granules inside of them -- they include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.
If a hematopoietic stem cell develops into a lymphoid cell, on the other hand, it’ll mature into some other kind of leukocyte: a T cell, a B cell, or a natural killer cell, which are referred to as lymphocytes.
Once the various blood cells form, they leave the bone marrow, and travel around the blood, or settle down in tissues and organs like the lymph nodes and spleen.
Chromosomal abnormality in hematopoietic stem cells that are destined to become leukocytes is the most common cause of chronic leukemia.
Some examples of abnormalities include a chromosomal deletion, where part of a chromosome is missing, a trisomy, where there’s one extra chromosome, and a translocation, where two chromosomes break and swap parts with one another.
Now there are two types of chronic leukemia.
The first is chronic myeloid leukemia, CML, which is caused by a particular chromosomal translocation that affects granulocytes.
The second is chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL, which is caused by a variety of chromosomal mutations that affect lymphocytes, in particular B cells.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Model Disease of the Past, Present and Future" Cells (2021)
- "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Model Disease of the Past, Present and Future" Cells (2021)
- "Pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the development of novel therapeutic strategies" Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hematopathology (2020)
- "Chronic Myelomonocytic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management" American Journal of Hematology (2019)
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