Control of blood flow circulation

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Control of blood flow circulation

Cardiovascular system

Anatomy and physiology

Cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology
Lymphatic system anatomy and physiology
Coronary circulation

Auscultation of the heart

Abnormal heart sounds
Normal heart sounds

Blood pressure regulation

Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Cardiac cycle and pressure-volume loops

Cardiac cycle
Cardiac work
Changes in pressure-volume loops
Pressure-volume loops

Cardiac output

Cardiac and vascular function curves
Altering cardiac and vascular function curves
Cardiac afterload
Cardiac contractility
Cardiac preload
Frank-Starling relationship
Law of Laplace
Measuring cardiac output (Fick principle)
Stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output

Cardiovascular physiological responses

Physiological changes during exercise
Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage
Cardiovascular changes during postural change

Electrocardiography

Cardiac conduction velocity
Electrical conduction in the heart
ECG basics
ECG normal sinus rhythm
ECG intervals
ECG QRS transition
ECG axis
ECG rate and rhythm
ECG cardiac infarction and ischemia
ECG cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement

Hemodynamics

Control of blood flow circulation
Microcirculation and Starling forces
Blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance
Compliance of blood vessels
Laminar flow and Reynolds number
Pressures in the cardiovascular system
Resistance to blood flow

Myocyte electrophysiology

Action potentials in myocytes
Action potentials in pacemaker cells
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Excitability and refractory periods

High Yield Notes

5 pages

Summary

The control of blood flow circulation is a complex process that involves the coordinated actions of numerous systems and tissues in the body. The primary purpose of controlling blood flow is to ensure that tissues receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients while also disposing of metabolic waste products.

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in controlling blood flow by modulating the tone of muscles in the walls of blood vessels. The sympathetic nervous system promotes the constriction of blood vessels, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes dilatation. Hormones such as angiotensin II, vasopressin, and noradrenaline also play a role in regulating blood flow by influencing muscle tone.