00:00 / 00:00
Bacteriology
Bacterial structure and functions
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
Listeria monocytogenes
Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous colitis)
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Actinomyces israelii
Nocardia
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Streptococcus viridans
Enterococcus
Bacteroides fragilis
Bartonella henselae (Cat-scratch disease and Bacillary angiomatosis)
Enterobacter
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella (non-typhoidal)
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
Serratia marcescens
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)
Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis/Whooping cough)
Brucella
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
Haemophilus influenzae
Pasteurella multocida
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)
Leptospira
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
0 / 11 complete
0 / 1 complete
of complete
of complete
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
animal transmission p. 147
Q fever p. 148
spore formation p. 129
Coxiella burnetii p. , 148
Coxiella Burnetii, is a short, gram-negative rod that causes a disease called Q fever.
This bacteria is highly resistant to environmental stressors including high temperatures and ultraviolet light, and spreads to humans from mammals like cows, so Q fever is considered a zoonotic infection.
Now, Coxiella Burnetii is gram negative, meaning that its cell wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer so it cannot retain a stain called crystal violet stain.
Instead, it stains pink with Safranin dye used during Gram staining.
So it looks like a little pink rod under the microscope.
C. Burnetii is also non-motile, and it can undergo endosporulation when it feels threatened by the environment, like when the temperature becomes too high or too low, in case of extreme dryness, or when there’s harmful radiation around.
Endosporulation means that the bacteria starts by replicating its DNA, and then it forms a wall inside the cell, isolating a portion from the rest of the cell - let’s call it the mother cell.
Next, the plasma membrane of the cell surrounds the mother cell and then pinches it off, forming a separate body known as a forespore.
The forespore then invaginates into the mother cell and gets completely engulfed by it.
Inside the dying mother cell, the forespore loses water and accumulates calcium, and at the same time gets wrapped in a super tough cortex from the dying mother cell.
At this point, the endospore is able to resist heat, harsh chemicals, digestive enzymes, and even antibiotics.
Finally, as the mother cell dies off, the endospore is released outside.
Surprisingly, an endospore can last over a thousand years out, waiting for favorable conditions to come, and then germinate into the bacterial, or vegetative form, which can then grow, divide and infect organisms.
Coxiella Burnetii is also an obligate intracellular organism, because it can’t make its own energy in the form of ATP.
So it can only replicate inside other cells, like our macrophages.
The bacteria does not routinely grow on standard agar plates but can be grown using animal inoculation or can be cultivated in embryonated eggs or cell culture.
Now, the primary disease that Coxiella Burnetii causes is called Q fever, an atypical pneumonia.
Coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative short rod-looking bacterium that causes the disease Q fever. Q fever is a zoonotic infection transmitted through aerosolized spores from animal fluids such as livestock or raw milk. Symptoms of Q fever include fever, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and chest pain. Persons at high risk for developing severe illness if infected with Coxiella burnetii include pregnant women, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Cookies are used by this site.
USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.