Croup
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Croup
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Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
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A 2-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents for evaluation of increased work of breathing. According to her parents, the patient began experiencing ongoing sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes around three-days ago. This morning, she developed a cough and difficulty breathing. The patient was born prematurely at 34-weeks, but past medical history is otherwise noncontributory. Temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), blood pressure is 92/60 mmHg, and pulse is 110/min. Physical examination is notable for a barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and accessory muscle use during respiration. A neck radiograph is obtained and demonstrates the following finding:
Image reproduced from Radiopedia
Which of the following pathogens is most likely responsible for this patient’s disease process?
Image reproduced from Radiopedia
Which of the following pathogens is most likely responsible for this patient’s disease process?
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
External References
First Aid
2024
2023
2022
2021
Bronchitis
croup p. 167
Croup p. 167
labs/findings p. 726
paramyxoviruses p. 164, 166
pulsus paradoxus in p. 477
Parainfluenza
croup p. 167
Paramyxoviruses p. 166
croup p. 166
Pulsus paradoxus p. 477
croup p. 167
Summary
Croup is a viral respiratory infection most common in young children, usually caused by the parainfluenza virus. It results in the inflammation of the larynx and trachea, which leads to a characteristic barking cough, hoarseness of voice, and inspiratory stridor. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but can need an x-ray for confirmation. When done, X-rays show a steeple sign, which is subglottic narrowing.