Cyanide poisoning

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Cyanide poisoning

Respiratory system

Congenital disorders

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Pulmonary hypoplasia

Disorders of the pleura, mediastinum, and chest wall

Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax

Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders of the lower airways

Pneumonia

Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders of the upper airways

Allergic rhinitis
Bacterial epiglottitis
Bacterial tracheitis
Croup
Laryngitis
Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses
Sinusitis
Upper respiratory tract infection

Metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders

Cyanide poisoning
Decompression sickness
Methemoglobinemia
Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness

Neoplasms

Lung cancer
Mesothelioma
Nasal polyps
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Oral cancer
Pancoast tumor
Superior vena cava syndrome

Obstructive airway disease

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Cystic fibrosis
Emphysema

Pneumoconiosis, fibrosing, and restrictive pulmonary disorders or interstitial lung disease

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Restrictive lung diseases
Sarcoidosis

Respiratory failure or respiratory arrest and pulmonary vascular disorders

Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Apnea of prematurity
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Sudden infant death syndrome
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension

Traumatic or mechanical disorders

Sleep apnea
Choanal atresia
Laryngomalacia
Tracheoesophageal fistula

Respiratory system pathology review

Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review
Pneumonia: Pathology review
Tuberculosis: Pathology review
Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review
Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review
Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review
Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review
Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review

Assessments

Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 questions

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CME Credits

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High Yield Notes

15 pages

Flashcards

Cyanide poisoning

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Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

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A 25-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after being found unconscious near the doorway of a smoke-filled house. Temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 120/minute, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg. Physical examination shows generalized flushing of the skin as well as black soot near the nares and mouth. There is no evidence of any burns or trauma. Capillary refill time is 5 seconds. Supplemental oxygen is administered. Laboratory results are shown below. Hydroxocobalamin is provided for medical management. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of this medication?  

Summary

Cyanide poisoning is a type of chemical poisoning that occurs when cyanide ions are introduced into the body. Cyanide ions disrupt cellular respiration at the mitochondrial level, by inhibiting an enzyme called cytochrome C oxidase. This can lead to asphyxiation as the body is no longer able to use oxygen, and it can also cause damage to the heart, liver, and other organs. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning may include headache, seizures, confusion, nausea, cardiac arrest, and death.