DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
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DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
Prerequisite basic sciences
Prerequisite basic sciences
Childhood and early-onset psychological disorders: Pathology review
Prerequisite basic sciences
Attributable risk (AR)
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Pharmacodynamics: Desensitization and tolerance
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug metabolism
Prerequisite basic sciences
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Prerequisite basic sciences
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Growth hormone and somatostatin
Prerequisite basic sciences
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Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
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Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
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Prerequisite basic sciences
Androgens and antiandrogens
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Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
Antihistamines for allergies
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Antituberculosis medications
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists
Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines
Pulmonary corticosteroids and mast cell inhibitors
Glucocorticoids
Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists
Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines
Azoles
Glucocorticoids
Pulmonary corticosteroids and mast cell inhibitors
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Pharmacodynamics: Agonist, partial agonist and antagonist
Pharmacodynamics: Desensitization and tolerance
Pharmacodynamics: Drug-receptor interactions
Pharmacokinetics: Drug absorption and distribution
Pharmacokinetics: Drug elimination and clearance
Pharmacokinetics: Drug metabolism
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
Glucocorticoids
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Assessments
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
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Flashcards
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
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External References
First Aid
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Anaerobic organisms
metronidazole p. 192
Bacteroides spp.
metronidazole p. 192
Clindamycin
metronidazole vs p. 189
Clostridium difficile p. , 136
metronidazole p. 192
Entamoeba histolytica
metronidazole p. 192
Helicobacter pylori p. , 144
metronidazole p. 192
Hypotension
metronidazole p. 192
Metronidazole p. 192
bacterial vaginosis p. 146
clindamycin vs p. 189
Clostridium difficile p. , 136
for Crohn disease p. 391
disulfiram-like reaction p. 252
Giardia lamblia p. , 152
Helicobacter pylori p. , 144
mechanism (diagram) p. 184
Trichomonas vaginalis p. , 725
vaginal infections p. 179
vaginitis p. 155
Tachycardia
metronidazole p. 192
Transcript
Content Reviewers
DNA synthesis inhibitors are a group of antibiotics that target the synthesis of DNA in bacteria and other organisms. Metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, prevents the synthesis of nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of DNA, and is effective against many bacteria and protozoans. Metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles are relatively nontoxic to humans. This is because in order to function, they need to be reduced by a protein called ferredoxin, which contains sulfur and iron. This protein is commonly found in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans, but not in humans and aerobic bacteria. Now, this protein can donate an electron to metronidazole, causing it to form free radicals which will damage the DNA, causing it to fragment. Without the DNA as a template, the organism can’t synthesize any more nucleic acids like DNA or mRNA, which will lead to cell death.
Metronidazole can be taken perorally, but it’s also available in an IV form and as topical creams. It penetrates well into body tissues and fluids, including vaginal secretions, seminal fluid, saliva, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid, but does not cross over the placenta. This medication can treat many anaerobic bacterial infections like Clostridium difficile, which can cause pseudomembranous enterocolitis in people taking other antibiotics. Another common organism treated by this medication is Helicobacter pylori, a common bacteria that causes gastritis and peptic ulcers. However, it should be used in combination with other antimicrobials and proton pump inhibitors as part of a triple therapy for the best outcome. Next, Lactobacillus species and other anaerobes that can cause bacterial vaginosis are all treated by metronidazole. For protozoan infections, it’s the medication of choice for amoebiasis, an infection of the gut caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It’s the medication of choice against Trichomonas vaginalis as well, which also causes vaginosis. Finally, metronidazole is highly effective against giardiasis, or beaver fever, which is an infection of the gut by Giardia lamblia.
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