DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
14,134views
00:00 / 00:00
Videos
Notes
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
Fam Med
Playlist
Antihistamines for allergies
Glucocorticoids
Coronary artery disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Heart failure: Clinical (To be retired)
Syncope: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypertension: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypercholesterolemia: Clinical (To be retired)
Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Leg ulcers: Clinical (To be retired)
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
Lipid-lowering medications: Statins
Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates
Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications
Antiplatelet medications
Hypersensitivity skin reactions: Clinical (To be retired)
Eczematous rashes: Clinical (To be retired)
Papulosquamous skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Alopecia: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypopigmentation skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Benign hyperpigmented skin lesions: Clinical (To be retired)
Skin cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Diabetes mellitus: Clinical (To be retired)
Hyperthyroidism: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis: Clinical (To be retired)
Dizziness and vertigo: Clinical (To be retired)
Hyperthyroidism medications
Hypothyroidism medications
Insulins
Hypoglycemics: Insulin secretagogues
Miscellaneous hypoglycemics
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Clinical (To be retired)
Peptic ulcers and stomach cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Diarrhea: Clinical (To be retired)
Malabsorption: Clinical (To be retired)
Colorectal cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Diverticular disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Anal conditions: Clinical (To be retired)
Cirrhosis: Clinical (To be retired)
Breast cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Laxatives and cathartics
Antidiarrheals
Acid reducing medications
Anemia: Clinical (To be retired)
Anticoagulants: Warfarin
Anticoagulants: Direct factor inhibitors
Pneumonia: Clinical (To be retired)
Urinary tract infections: Clinical (To be retired)
Skin and soft tissue infections: Clinical (To be retired)
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
Herpesvirus medications
Azoles
Echinocandins
Miscellaneous antifungal medications
Anti-mite and louse medications
Chronic kidney disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Kidney stones: Clinical (To be retired)
Urinary incontinence: Pathology review
PDE5 inhibitors
Stroke: Clinical (To be retired)
Lower back pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Headaches: Clinical (To be retired)
Migraine medications
Asthma: Clinical (To be retired)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Clinical (To be retired)
Lung cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists
Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines
Pulmonary corticosteroids and mast cell inhibitors
Joint pain: Clinical (To be retired)
Rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical (To be retired)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder
Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand
Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists
Antigout medications
Osteoporosis medications
Pregnancy
Routine prenatal care: Clinical (To be retired)
Stages of labor
Breastfeeding
Amenorrhea: Clinical (To be retired)
Contraception: Clinical (To be retired)
Virilization: Clinical (To be retired)
Infertility: Clinical (To be retired)
Vulvovaginitis: Clinical (To be retired)
Sexually transmitted infections: Clinical (To be retired)
Menopause
Abnormal uterine bleeding: Clinical (To be retired)
Cervical cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Estrogens and antiestrogens
Progestins and antiprogestins
Androgens and antiandrogens
Pediatric allergies: Clinical (To be retired)
Congenital heart defects: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric ear, nose, and throat conditions: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric constipation: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric vomiting: Clinical (To be retired)
Developmental milestones: Clinical (To be retired)
Puberty and Tanner staging
Precocious and delayed puberty: Clinical (To be retired)
Child abuse: Clinical (To be retired)
Vaccinations: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric infectious rashes: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric bone and joint infections: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric urological conditions: Clinical (To be retired)
Elimination disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric ophthalmological conditions: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric upper airway conditions: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric lower airway conditions: Clinical (To be retired)
BRUE, ALTE, and SIDS: Clinical (To be retired)
Pediatric orthopedic conditions: Clinical (To be retired)
Mood disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Anxiety disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Eating disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Obsessive compulsive disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Personality disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Sleep disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Substance misuse and addiction: Clinical (To be retired)
Somatic symptom disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Sexual dysfunctions: Clinical (To be retired)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Atypical antidepressants
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Psychomotor stimulants
Opioid antagonists
Assessments
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
Flashcards
0 / 5 complete
Flashcards
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
of complete
Memory Anchors and Partner Content
External References
First Aid
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Anaerobic organisms
metronidazole p. 192
Bacteroides spp.
metronidazole p. 192
Clindamycin
metronidazole vs p. 189
Clostridium difficile p. , 136
metronidazole p. 192
Entamoeba histolytica
metronidazole p. 192
Helicobacter pylori p. , 144
metronidazole p. 192
Hypotension
metronidazole p. 192
Metronidazole p. 192
bacterial vaginosis p. 146
clindamycin vs p. 189
Clostridium difficile p. , 136
for Crohn disease p. 391
disulfiram-like reaction p. 252
Giardia lamblia p. , 152
Helicobacter pylori p. , 144
mechanism (diagram) p. 184
Trichomonas vaginalis p. , 725
vaginal infections p. 179
vaginitis p. 155
Tachycardia
metronidazole p. 192
External Links
Transcript
Contributors
Kaia Chessen, MScBMC
Alex Aranda
Tanner Marshall, MS
DNA synthesis inhibitors are a group of antibiotics that target the synthesis of DNA in bacteria and other organisms. Metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, prevents the synthesis of nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of DNA, and is effective against many bacteria and protozoans. Metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles are relatively nontoxic to humans. This is because in order to function, they need to be reduced by a protein called ferredoxin, which contains sulfur and iron. This protein is commonly found in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans, but not in humans and aerobic bacteria. Now, this protein can donate an electron to metronidazole, causing it to form free radicals which will damage the DNA, causing it to fragment. Without the DNA as a template, the organism can’t synthesize any more nucleic acids like DNA or mRNA, which will lead to cell death.
Metronidazole can be taken perorally, but it’s also available in an IV form and as topical creams. It penetrates well into body tissues and fluids, including vaginal secretions, seminal fluid, saliva, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid, but does not cross over the placenta. This medication can treat many anaerobic bacterial infections like Clostridium difficile, which can cause pseudomembranous enterocolitis in people taking other antibiotics. Another common organism treated by this medication is Helicobacter pylori, a common bacteria that causes gastritis and peptic ulcers. However, it should be used in combination with other antimicrobials and proton pump inhibitors as part of a triple therapy for the best outcome. Next, Lactobacillus species and other anaerobes that can cause bacterial vaginosis are all treated by metronidazole. For protozoan infections, it’s the medication of choice for amoebiasis, an infection of the gut caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It’s the medication of choice against Trichomonas vaginalis as well, which also causes vaginosis. Finally, metronidazole is highly effective against giardiasis, or beaver fever, which is an infection of the gut by Giardia lamblia.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier, except certain content provided by third parties
Cookies are used by this site.
USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.
