Rishi Desai, MD, MPH

Decompression sickness

Medscape

Wikipedia

Chapter 123 Acute Respiratory Disease  DIAGNOSIS LAB RESULTS  ▪ Arterial blood gases ▫ ↓ PaO2, ↑ PaCO2, respiratory alkalosis  OTHER DIAGNOSTICS  ▪ Clinical presentation, history of living at low altitude, recent ascent at high altitude  TREATMENT MEDICATIONS  ▪ Symptom relief ▫ E.g. analgesics for headache, antiemetics for nausea ▪ Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. acetazolamide) ▫ Increase HCO3- excretion; treat respiratory alkalosis  Figure 123.4 A chest radiograph demonstrating acute pulmonary edema in an individual who ascended to 2700m.  OTHER INTERVENIONS  ▪ Rest ▪ Descent ▪ Symptom relief ▫ E.g. oxygen to improve breathing ▪ HACE, HAPE ▫ Medical emergencies; require immediate descent/oxygen administration  DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS (DCS) osms.it/decompression_sickness PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Gas embolism, occurs when individuals experience sudden decreases in atmospheric pressure ▫ AKA diver’s disease ▪ Air breathed at relatively high pressure (e.g. diver descends from water surface) → inspired gases compressed to higher pressure of surrounding water → ↑ partial  pressure of oxygen, nitrogen → ↑ oxygen, nitrogen dissolved in blood, loaded in body tissues ▫ Henry’s law: at constant temperature, amount of gas dissolved in liquid directly proportional to partial pressure ▪ If oxygen, nitrogen quantities high enough → oxygen toxicity/nitrogen narcosis, respectively  OSMOSIS.ORG 871   

Apnea of prematurity

Sleep apnea

Apnea and hypoventilation

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Cyanide poisoning

Methemoglobinemia

Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Pneumonia

Lung cancer

Pancoast tumor

Superior vena cava syndrome

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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Pulmonary edema

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Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review

Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review

Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review

Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review

Pneumonia: Pathology review

Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review

Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review

Tuberculosis: Pathology review

Respiratory system pathology review

Pathology

Decompression sickness

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