Developmental dysplasia of the hip
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Pathology
Bone disorders
Osteomyelitis
Bone tumors
Chondrosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Achondroplasia
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Cleidocranial dysplasia
Club foot
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Pectus excavatum
Pigeon toe
Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis
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Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Iliotibial band syndrome
Meniscus tear
Patellar tendon rupture
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Sprained ankle
Unhappy triad
Compartment syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Sciatica
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Ulnar claw
Winged scapula
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Dislocated shoulder
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow)
Rotator cuff tear
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Ulnar claw
Winged scapula
Musculoskeletal system pathology review
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Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review
Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review
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Pediatric musculoskeletal disorders: Pathology review
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Pathology review
Scleroderma: Pathology review
Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review
Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip
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Content Reviewers
Congenital hip dysplasia, or developmental dysplasia of the hip, is a problem where the socket or acetabulum - and the femoral head are misaligned, resulting in an unstable hip joint.
Typically, the problem is present at birth, but sometimes it appears later as the bones develop over time.
The hip joint is a ball and socket type because the ball-shaped head of the femur sits and rotates within the acetabulum which is a cup-shaped socket.
The hip joint is supported by a tough fibrous joint capsule, which is made up of three main ligaments, the iliofemoral, the pubofemoral, and the ischiofemoral.
The main job of the joint capsule is to hold articulating bones together and make sure the joint stays stable when the hip is moving.
Now, the acetabulum itself is a combination of parts of three pelvic bones that join together - the ischium, the ileum, and the pubis.
At the bottom of the acetabulum known as the acetabular fossa, arises a ligament, called the ligamentum teres that attaches to the fovea capitis, which is a depression found on the tip of the femoral head.
This ligament helps with joint stability especially during hip flexion and abduction.
Now, the edge of the acetabulum has a thick bony circular rim covered by a ring of cartilage known as the acetabular labrum.
At its lower end, there’s a depression called the acetabular notch, which is covered by the transverse ligament which fills the gap within the circumference of the acetabulum.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "The Labro-Acetabular Complex" Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (2011)
- "Imaging of the Acetabular Labrum" Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America (2005)
- "Is ‘Clicky Hip’ a Risk Factor in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?" Scottish Medical Journal (2005)
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