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Diabetic retinopathy

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Summary of Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy, also known as diabetic eye disease, is when damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It can eventually lead to blindness.

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Eyes, ears, nose and throat

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Eyes, ears, nose and throat pathology review

Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review

Vertigo: Pathology review

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review

Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review

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Diabetic retinopathy

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High Yield Notes

13 pages

Chapter 77 Globe Pathlogy DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (DR) osms.it/diabetic-retinopathy PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Type of retinopathy affecting individuals with diabetes mellitus → vision loss ▪ Long-standing diabetes mellitus/poor glycemic control → chronic hyperglycemia → retinal vascular changes (e.g. abnormal vascular permeability, vascular occlusions) → ischemia → production of VEGF → formation of abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) microaneurysms, microocclusions, exudates, nerve-ﬁber layer infarcts (cotton wool spots), intraretinal hemorrhage, macular edema OTHER DIAGNOSTICS ▪ Ophthalmologic screening: annual screening suggested for individuals with diabetes ▪ Clinical presentation: ↓ visual acuity TYPES Proliferative DR ▪ Presence of neovascularization Nonproliferative DR ▪ Absence of neovascularization; majority of cases; can progress to proliferative; hypertension, ﬂuid retention exacerbate condition COMPLICATIONS ▪ Visual loss due to ▫ Macular edema (most common); vitreal hemorrhage from neovascularization; retinal detachment; neovascular glaucoma Figure 77.4 A retinal photograph demonstrating proliferative diabetic retinopathy. There are cotton wool spots and as well as neovascularisation of the retina. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ Usually asymptomatic until late stages ▪ Decreased/ﬂuctuating vision; presence of ﬂoaters, ﬂashes of lights (photopsias); scotomas DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Direct/indirect fundoscopy ▪ Thickening of basement membrane, TREATMENT MEDICATIONS ▪ Intravitreal VEGF inhibitors for proliferative DR, signiﬁcant macular edema SURGERY ▪ Laser photocoagulation of peripheral retina ▪ Vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage/ severe proliferative DR nonresponsive to photocoagulation OSMOSIS.ORG 603

Flashcards

Diabetic retinopathy

11 flashcards

Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

2 questions

Preview

A 52-year-old man with a long-term history of type 2 diabetes comes to the clinic because of progressive vision loss. Fundoscopic examination shows retinal damage due to chronic periods of hyperglycemia. It is noted that he has proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Which of the following is the best treatment option for this patient?

Memory Anchors and Partner Content

Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy

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