Ebola virus

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Ebola virus

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NOTES NOTES FILOVIRUSES MICROBE OVERVIEW Genetic material ▪ Single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus family; causes viral hemorrhagic fever Taxonomy ▪ Genera: Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Cuevavirus Morphology ▪ Enveloped virions; ﬁlamentous, nonsegmented morphology Replication ▪ Transcription, replication mediated by virus-encoded polymerase in infected cell cytoplasm ▫ Transcription: negative-sense RNA genome transcribed into monocistronic, polyadenylated RNA species using host cell ribosomes, tRNA etc. → translated into seven proteins ▫ Replication: positive-sense antigenome serves as template for negative-sense genomes Transmission ▪ Zoonotic infection ▫ Natural host: unknown (bats, especially fruit bats considered infection source) ▫ Intermediate host: Often nonhuman primates (gorillas, chimpanzees) Structural proteins ▪ Viral RNA encodes seven structural proteins ▫ Nucleoprotein ▫ Polymerase cofactor (VP35) ▫ Viral proteins VP40, VP24 ▫ Glycoprotein: projecting spikes from lipid bilayer (attachment to host cell receptors) ▫ Transcription activator ▫ RNA-dependent RNA polymerase EBOLA VIRUS osms.it/ebola-virus PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Ebola virus: causative agent of severe, often fatal hemorrhagic fever ▪ Species: Zaire, Sudan, Tai Forest, Bundibugyo, Reston ▪ Transmission ▫ Animal-human: direct infected-animal tissue, body-ﬂuid contact; butchering, consuming undercooked meat 388 OSMOSIS.ORG ▫ Human-human: direct tissue, body ﬂuid contact with ill/deceased ▫ Potential transmission: contaminated surface/object contact PATHOLOGY ▪ Inoculation → incubation: 6–12 days average (ranges 2–21 days) ▫ Host cell attachment, virus endocytosis → nucleocapsid release in cytoplasm →

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Ebola virus

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A 40-year-old man presents to the clinic with complaints of low-grade fever, malaise, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past two days. The patient is a healthcare worker and recently traveled to Sierra Leone to assist with an outbreak of an illness in the region. Temperature is 38.9°C (102.1°F), pulse is 115/min, respirations are 24/min, and blood pressure is 115/70 mmHg. Physical examination shows a diffuse erythematous maculopapular rash involving the face, trunk, and arms. Further evaluation confirms the diagnosis of infection with a Filovirus. Which of the following measures could have prevented the development of the disease in this individual?

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