Echinocandins

Introduction to biostatistics

Types of data

Probability

Mean, median, and mode

Range, variance, and standard deviation

Standard error of the mean (Central limit theorem)

Normal distribution and z-scores

Paired t-test

Two-sample t-test

Hypothesis testing: One-tailed and two-tailed tests

One-way ANOVA

Two-way ANOVA

Repeated measures ANOVA

Correlation

Methods of regression analysis

Linear regression

Logistic regression

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Mann-Whitney U test

Kappa coefficient

Chi-squared test

Fisher's exact test

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis

Type I and type II errors

Sensitivity and specificity

Positive and negative predictive value

Test precision and accuracy

Incidence and prevalence

Relative and absolute risk

Odds ratio

Attributable risk (AR)

Mortality rates and case-fatality

DALY and QALY

Direct standardization

Indirect standardization

Study designs

Clinical trials

Disease causality

Selection bias

Confounding

Interaction

Prevention

Eczematous rashes: Clinical (To be retired)

Papulosquamous skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Alopecia: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypersensitivity skin reactions: Clinical (To be retired)

Autoimmune bullous skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Blistering skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypopigmentation skin disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Benign hyperpigmented skin lesions: Clinical (To be retired)

Skin cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Immunodeficiencies: Clinical (To be retired)

Antihistamines for allergies

Glucocorticoids

Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS): Clinical (To be retired)

Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Heart blocks: Pathology review

Coronary artery disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Heart failure: Clinical (To be retired)

Syncope: Clinical (To be retired)

Pericardial disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Cardiomyopathies: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypertension: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypercholesterolemia: Clinical (To be retired)

Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists

Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic

Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers

Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers

ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Calcium channel blockers

cGMP mediated smooth muscle vasodilators

Class I antiarrhythmics: Sodium channel blockers

Class II antiarrhythmics: Beta blockers

Class III antiarrhythmics: Potassium channel blockers

Class IV antiarrhythmics: Calcium channel blockers and others

Lipid-lowering medications: Statins

Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates

Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications

Positive inotropic medications

Diabetes mellitus: Clinical (To be retired)

Hyperthyroidism: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis: Clinical (To be retired)

Parathyroid conditions and calcium imbalance: Clinical (To be retired)

Pituitary adenomas and pituitary hyperfunction: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypopituitarism: Clinical (To be retired)

Cushing syndrome: Clinical (To be retired)

Adrenal masses and tumors: Clinical (To be retired)

Adrenal insufficiency: Clinical (To be retired)

MEN syndromes: Clinical (To be retired)

Hyperthyroidism medications

Hypothyroidism medications

Insulins

Hypoglycemics: Insulin secretagogues

Miscellaneous hypoglycemics

Adrenal hormone synthesis inhibitors

Mineralocorticoids and mineralocorticoid antagonists

Esophageal disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Esophagitis: Clinical (To be retired)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Clinical (To be retired)

Gastroparesis: Clinical (To be retired)

Malabsorption: Clinical (To be retired)

Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Jaundice: Clinical (To be retired)

Cirrhosis: Clinical (To be retired)

Laxatives and cathartics

Antidiarrheals

Acid reducing medications

Fever of unknown origin: Clinical (To be retired)

Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: Pathology review

Anemia: Clinical (To be retired)

Microcytic anemia: Pathology review

Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review

Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review

Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review

Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review

Heme synthesis disorders: Pathology review

Leukemia: Clinical (To be retired)

Lymphoma: Clinical (To be retired)

Thrombocytopenia: Clinical (To be retired)

Bleeding disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Thrombophilia: Clinical (To be retired)

Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Clinical (To be retired)

Plasma cell disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Blood products and transfusion: Clinical (To be retired)

Anticoagulants: Heparin

Anticoagulants: Warfarin

Anticoagulants: Direct factor inhibitors

Antiplatelet medications

Thrombolytics

Hematopoietic medications

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors

Topoisomerase inhibitors

Platinum containing medications

Anti-tumor antibiotics

Microtubule inhibitors

DNA alkylating medications

Monoclonal antibodies

Antimetabolites for cancer treatment

Infective endocarditis: Clinical (To be retired)

Pneumonia: Clinical (To be retired)

Tuberculosis: Pathology review

Diarrhea: Clinical (To be retired)

Viral hepatitis: Clinical (To be retired)

Urinary tract infections: Clinical (To be retired)

Meningitis, encephalitis and brain abscesses: Clinical (To be retired)

Bites and stings: Clinical (To be retired)

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides

Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim

Antituberculosis medications

Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins

Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones

Integrase and entry inhibitors

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Protease inhibitors

Hepatitis medications

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Herpesvirus medications

Azoles

Echinocandins

Miscellaneous antifungal medications

Anthelmintic medications

Antimalarials

Anti-mite and louse medications

Hypernatremia: Clinical (To be retired)

Hyponatremia: Clinical (To be retired)

Hyperkalemia: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypokalemia: Clinical (To be retired)

Metabolic and respiratory acidosis: Clinical (To be retired)

Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis: Clinical (To be retired)

Toxidromes: Clinical (To be retired)

Medication overdoses and toxicities: Pathology review

Acute kidney injury: Clinical (To be retired)

Chronic kidney disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Nephritic and nephrotic syndromes: Clinical (To be retired)

Renal tubular defects: Pathology review

Renal tubular acidosis: Pathology review

Osmotic diuretics

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Loop diuretics

Potassium sparing diuretics

Stroke: Clinical (To be retired)

Seizures: Clinical (To be retired)

Headaches: Clinical (To be retired)

Hyperkinetic movement disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypokinetic movement disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Muscle weakness: Clinical (To be retired)

Disorders of consciousness: Clinical (To be retired)

Spinal cord disorders: Pathology review

Sympathomimetics: Direct agonists

Muscarinic antagonists

Cholinomimetics: Direct agonists

Cholinomimetics: Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases)

Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates

Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines

Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants

Migraine medications

Anti-parkinson medications

Medications for neurodegenerative diseases

Asthma: Clinical (To be retired)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Clinical (To be retired)

Diffuse parenchymal lung disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Venous thromboembolism: Clinical (To be retired)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Clinical (To be retired)

Pleural effusion: Clinical (To be retired)

Pneumothorax: Clinical (To be retired)

Lung cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists

Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines

Joint pain: Clinical (To be retired)

Rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical (To be retired)

Seronegative arthritis: Clinical (To be retired)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Clinical (To be retired)

Sjogren syndrome: Clinical (To be retired)

Inflammatory myopathies: Clinical (To be retired)

Vasculitis: Clinical (To be retired)

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists

Antigout medications

Osteoporosis medications

Pregnancy

Routine prenatal care: Clinical (To be retired)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Clinical (To be retired)

Antepartum hemorrhage: Clinical (To be retired)

Premature rupture of membranes: Clinical (To be retired)

Stages of labor

Abnormal labor: Clinical (To be retired)

Vaginal versus cesarean delivery: Clinical (To be retired)

Postpartum hemorrhage: Clinical (To be retired)

Gestational trophoblastic disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Breastfeeding

Abdominal pain: Clinical (To be retired)

Puberty and Tanner staging

Amenorrhea: Clinical (To be retired)

Contraception: Clinical (To be retired)

Virilization: Clinical (To be retired)

Infertility: Clinical (To be retired)

Vulvovaginitis: Clinical (To be retired)

Sexually transmitted infections: Clinical (To be retired)

Menopause

Abnormal uterine bleeding: Clinical (To be retired)

Ovarian cysts, cancer, and other adnexal masses: Clinical (To be retired)

Endometrial hyperplasia and cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Cervical cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Vaginal cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Vulvar cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Estrogens and antiestrogens

Progestins and antiprogestins

Androgens and antiandrogens

Aromatase inhibitors

Uterine stimulants and relaxants

Newborn management: Clinical (To be retired)

Neonatal ICU conditions: Clinical (To be retired)

Congenital TORCH infections: Pathology review

Neonatal jaundice: Clinical (To be retired)

Perinatal infections: Clinical (To be retired)

Congenital disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Congenital heart defects: Clinical (To be retired)

Autosomal trisomies: Pathology review

Miscellaneous genetic disorders: Pathology review

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: Pathology review

Disorders of fatty acid metabolism: Pathology review

Glycogen storage disorders: Pathology review

Lysosomal storage disorders: Pathology review

Mood disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Anxiety disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Dissociative disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Eating disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Obsessive compulsive disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Trauma- and stressor-related disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Personality disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Sleep disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Somatic symptom disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Sexual dysfunctions: Clinical (To be retired)

Paraphilic disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Substance misuse and addiction: Clinical (To be retired)

Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Hallucinogens: Pathology review

Psychiatric emergencies: Pathology review

Preoperative evaluation: Clinical (To be retired)

Postoperative evaluation: Clinical (To be retired)

General anesthetics

Local anesthetics

Neuromuscular blockers

Esophageal surgical conditions: Clinical (To be retired)

Gastrointestinal bleeding: Clinical (To be retired)

Peptic ulcers and stomach cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Appendicitis: Clinical (To be retired)

Diverticular disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Hernias: Clinical (To be retired)

Bowel obstruction: Clinical (To be retired)

Colorectal cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Abdominal trauma: Clinical (To be retired)

Anal conditions: Clinical (To be retired)

Gallbladder disorders: Clinical (To be retired)

Pancreatitis: Clinical (To be retired)

Breast cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Benign breast conditions: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy clinical correlates: Breast

Valvular heart disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Chest trauma: Clinical (To be retired)

Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall

Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart

Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs

Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum

Dizziness and vertigo: Clinical (To be retired)

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Neck trauma: Clinical (To be retired)

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Traumatic brain injury: Clinical (To be retired)

Brain tumors: Clinical (To be retired)

Lower back pain: Clinical (To be retired)

Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder

Anatomy clinical correlates: Axilla

Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm

Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand

Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves

Burns: Clinical (To be retired)

Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review

Testicular tumors: Pathology review

Kidney stones: Clinical (To be retired)

Renal cysts and cancer: Clinical (To be retired)

Urinary incontinence: Pathology review

PDE5 inhibitors

Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical (To be retired)

Leg ulcers: Clinical (To be retired)

Aortic aneurysms and dissections: Clinical (To be retired)