Encopresis

‌‌

1,433views

Encopresis

HYMS year 3

HYMS year 3

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands

Anatomy of the urinary organs of the pelvis

Anatomy of the female urogenital triangle

Anatomy of the perineum

Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum

Anatomy clinical correlates: Female pelvis and perineum

Development of the renal system

Ureter, bladder and urethra histology

Kidney histology

Renal system anatomy and physiology

Body fluid compartments

Movement of water between body compartments

Renal clearance

Glomerular filtration

TF/Px ratio and TF/Pinulin

Measuring renal plasma flow and renal blood flow

Regulation of renal blood flow

Tubular reabsorption and secretion

Tubular secretion of PAH

Tubular reabsorption of glucose

Tubular reabsorption and secretion of weak acids and bases

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Sodium homeostasis

Potassium homeostasis

Phosphate, calcium and magnesium homeostasis

Antidiuretic hormone

Kidney countercurrent multiplication

Free water clearance

Physiologic pH and buffers

Buffering and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

The role of the kidney in acid-base balance

Acid-base map and compensatory mechanisms

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

Plasma anion gap

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Horseshoe kidney

Potter sequence

Hyperphosphatemia

Hypophosphatemia

Hypermagnesemia

Renal tubular acidosis

Minimal change disease

Diabetic nephropathy

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (NORD)

Membranous nephropathy

Lupus nephritis

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

IgA nephropathy (NORD)

Alport syndrome

Acute pyelonephritis

Chronic pyelonephritis

Prerenal azotemia

Acute tubular necrosis

Postrenal azotemia

Renal papillary necrosis

Renal cortical necrosis

Chronic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

Medullary cystic kidney disease

Medullary sponge kidney

Renal artery stenosis

Renal cell carcinoma

Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Posterior urethral valves

Hypospadias and epispadias

Vesicoureteral reflux

Bladder exstrophy

Urinary incontinence

Neurogenic bladder

Lower urinary tract infection

Transitional cell carcinoma

Non-urothelial bladder cancers

Congenital renal disorders: Pathology review

Renal tubular defects: Pathology review

Renal tubular acidosis: Pathology review

Acid-base disturbances: Pathology review

Electrolyte disturbances: Pathology review

Renal failure: Pathology review

Nephrotic syndromes: Pathology review

Nephritic syndromes: Pathology review

Urinary incontinence: Pathology review

Urinary tract infections: Pathology review

Kidney stones: Pathology review

Renal and urinary tract masses: Pathology review

Osmotic diuretics

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Potassium sparing diuretics

ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors

Endocrine system anatomy and physiology

Hunger and satiety

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetic retinopathy

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review

Diabetes insipidus and SIADH: Pathology review

Hyperthyroidism medications

Hypothyroidism medications

Hypoglycemics: Insulin secretagogues

Miscellaneous hypoglycemics

Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review

Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review

Prostate cancer

Prostate gland histology

Androgens and antiandrogens

PDE5 inhibitors

Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid eye disease (NORD)

Toxic multinodular goiter

Euthyroid sick syndrome

Thyroid hormones

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Riedel thyroiditis

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Primary adrenal insufficiency

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Hyperaldosteronism

Adrenal cortical carcinoma

Cushing syndrome

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperpituitarism

Pituitary adenoma

Hyperprolactinemia

Hypopituitarism

Pituitary apoplexy

Sheehan syndrome

Hypoprolactinemia

Constitutional growth delay

Diabetes insipidus

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Precocious puberty

Delayed puberty

Premature ovarian failure

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Kallmann syndrome

5-alpha-reductase deficiency

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (NORD)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Carcinoid syndrome

Pheochromocytoma

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (NORD)

Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review

Adrenal masses: Pathology review

Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review

Hypothyroidism: Pathology review

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review

Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Pathology review

Pituitary tumors: Pathology review

Hypopituitarism: Pathology review

Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Pathology review

Adrenal hormone synthesis inhibitors

Mineralocorticoids and mineralocorticoid antagonists

Synthesis of adrenocortical hormones

Estrogen and progesterone

Parathyroid hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Growth hormone and somatostatin

Oxytocin and prolactin

Pituitary gland histology

Pancreas histology

Thyroid and parathyroid gland histology

Adrenal gland histology

Iron deficiency anemia

Alpha-thalassemia

Beta-thalassemia

Sideroblastic anemia

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Anemia of chronic disease

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Hereditary spherocytosis

Sickle cell disease (NORD)

Megaloblastic anemia

Folate (Vitamin B9) deficiency

Aplastic anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Diamond-Blackfan anemia

Acute intermittent porphyria

Porphyria cutanea tarda

Vitamin K deficiency

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Immune thrombocytopenia

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Von Willebrand disease

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Factor V Leiden

Protein C deficiency

Protein S deficiency

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Antithrombin III deficiency

Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Chronic leukemia

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Polycythemia vera (NORD)

Myelofibrosis (NORD)

Essential thrombocythemia (NORD)

Leukemoid reaction

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Multiple myeloma

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Mastocytosis (NORD)

Microcytic anemia: Pathology review

Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review

Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review

Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review

Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review

Heme synthesis disorders: Pathology review

Coagulation disorders: Pathology review

Platelet disorders: Pathology review

Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders: Pathology review

Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability): Pathology review

Lymphomas: Pathology review

Leukemias: Pathology review

Plasma cell disorders: Pathology review

Myeloproliferative disorders: Pathology review

Anticoagulants: Heparin

Anticoagulants: Warfarin

Anticoagulants: Direct factor inhibitors

Antiplatelet medications

Hematopoietic medications

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors

Topoisomerase inhibitors

Platinum containing medications

Anti-tumor antibiotics

Microtubule inhibitors

DNA alkylating medications

Monoclonal antibodies

Antimetabolites for cancer treatment

Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts

Blood histology

Blood components

Blood groups and transfusions

Platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis)

Coagulation (secondary hemostasis)

Role of Vitamin K in coagulation

Clot retraction and fibrinolysis

Anatomy clinical correlates: Other abdominal organs

Anatomy of the male urogenital triangle

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Major depressive disorder

Bipolar and related disorders

Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders

Tourette syndrome

Social anxiety disorder

Learning disability

Somatic symptom disorder

Factitious disorder

Cluster A personality disorders

Cluster C personality disorders

Cluster B personality disorders

Schizoaffective disorder

Schizophreniform disorder

Delusional disorder

Alcohol use disorder

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Dissociative disorders

von Hippel-Lindau disease

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Body focused repetitive disorders

Body dysmorphic disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Physical and sexual abuse

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

Tobacco dependence

Opioid dependence

Cannabis dependence

Cocaine dependence

Nocturnal enuresis

Narcolepsy (NORD)

Erectile dysfunction

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Orgasmic dysfunction

Female sexual interest and arousal disorder

Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Autism spectrum disorder

Shaken baby syndrome

Serotonin syndrome

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Mood disorders: Pathology review

Amnesia, dissociative disorders and delirium: Pathology review

Personality disorders: Pathology review

Eating disorders: Pathology review

Psychological sleep disorders: Pathology review

Psychiatric emergencies: Pathology review

Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Hallucinogens: Pathology review

Malingering, factitious disorders and somatoform disorders: Pathology review

Trauma- and stress-related disorders: Pathology review

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Pathology review

Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Stimulants: Pathology review

Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Alcohol: Pathology review

Developmental and learning disorders: Pathology review

Childhood and early-onset psychological disorders: Pathology review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Tricyclic antidepressants

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Atypical antidepressants

Typical antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Fragile X syndrome

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Alzheimer disease

Vascular dementia

Frontotemporal dementia

Lewy body dementia

Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants

Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates

Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines

Psychomotor stimulants

Pyloric stenosis

Aphthous ulcers

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Gingivitis and periodontitis

Dental caries disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Esophageal cancer

Pneumoperitoneum

Cleft lip and palate

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Oral candidiasis

Barrett esophagus

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Boerhaave syndrome

Zenker diverticulum

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)

Gastric dumping syndrome

Cyclic vomiting syndrome

Gastroenteritis

Portal hypertension

Hemochromatosis

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

Biliary atresia

Gilbert's syndrome

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Hepatic encephalopathy

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cholestatic liver disease

Hepatocellular adenoma

Autoimmune hepatitis

Alcohol-induced liver disease

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Neonatal hepatitis

Benign liver tumors

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Acute cholecystitis

Ascending cholangitis

Chronic cholecystitis

Gallstone ileus

Gallbladder cancer

Cholangiocarcinoma

Acute pancreatitis

Pancreatic pseudocyst

Chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic cancer

Gastrointestinal system anatomy and physiology

Anatomy and physiology of the teeth

Liver anatomy and physiology

Enteric nervous system

Esophageal motility

Gastric motility

Gastrointestinal hormones

Chewing and swallowing

Carbohydrates and sugars

Fats and lipids

Vitamins and minerals

Intestinal fluid balance

Pancreatic secretion

Bile secretion and enterohepatic circulation

Prebiotics and probiotics

Imperforate anus

Meckel diverticulum

Intestinal atresia

Hirschsprung disease

Intestinal malrotation

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Intussusception

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome

Short bowel syndrome (NORD)

Lactose intolerance

Whipple's disease

Protein losing enteropathy

Microscopic colitis

Ulcerative colitis

Bowel obstruction

Intestinal adhesions

Abdominal hernias

Inguinal hernia

Small bowel ischemia and infarction

Ischemic colitis

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Gardner syndrome

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

Colorectal polyps

Colorectal cancer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Diverticulosis and diverticulitis

Rectal prolapse

Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review

Esophageal disorders: Pathology review

GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review

Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review

Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review

Diverticular disease: Pathology review

Appendicitis: Pathology review

Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review

Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review

Pancreatitis: Pathology review

Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review

Jaundice: Pathology review

Viral hepatitis: Pathology review

Cirrhosis: Pathology review

Laxatives and cathartics

Acid reducing medications

Anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus

Anatomy of the oral cavity

Anatomy of the salivary glands

Anatomy of the tongue

Anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Blood supply of the foregut, midgut and hindgut

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Esophagus and stomach

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Small intestine

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Large intestine

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Pancreas and spleen

Anatomy of the gastrointestinal organs of the pelvis and perineum

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Innervation of the abdominal viscera

Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Liver, biliary ducts and gallbladder

Anatomy of the diaphragm

Anatomy of the inguinal region

Anatomy of the muscles and nerves of the posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy of the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity

Anatomy of the vessels of the posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the gastrointestinal tract

Anatomy clinical correlates: Peritoneum and diaphragm

Anatomy clinical correlates: Inguinal region

Development of the digestive system and body cavities

Development of the gastrointestinal system

Development of the teeth

Development of the tongue

Gallbladder histology

Esophagus histology

Stomach histology

Small intestine histology

Colon histology

Liver histology

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Testicular cancer

Testicular torsion

Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical

Leg ulcers: Clinical

Aortic aneurysms and dissections: Clinical

Abdominal pain: Clinical

Esophageal surgical conditions: Clinical

Gastrointestinal bleeding: Clinical

Peptic ulcers and stomach cancer: Clinical

Appendicitis: Clinical

Diverticular disease: Clinical

Hernias: Clinical

Bowel obstruction: Clinical

Colorectal cancer: Clinical

Abdominal trauma: Clinical

Anal conditions: Clinical

Gallbladder disorders: Clinical

Pancreatitis: Clinical

Breast cancer: Clinical

Benign breast conditions: Pathology review

Preoperative evaluation: Clinical

Postoperative evaluation: Clinical

Helicobacter pylori

Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous colitis)

Paget disease of the breast

Phyllodes tumor

Intraductal papilloma

Fibrocystic breast changes

Peripheral artery disease

Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review

Breast cancer: Pathology review

Alagille syndrome (NORD)

Neonatal jaundice: Clinical

Escherichia coli

Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

Proteus mirabilis

Campylobacter jejuni

Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)

Diarrhea: Clinical

Giardia lamblia

Staphylococcus aureus

Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical

Adrenal masses and tumors: Clinical

Skin and soft tissue infections: Clinical

Anatomy clinical correlates: Breast

Testicular tumors: Pathology review

Kidney stones: Clinical

Renal cysts and cancer: Clinical

Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review

Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers

Lipid-lowering medications: Statins

Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates

Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications

Cirrhosis: Clinical

Blood products and transfusion: Clinical

Venous thromboembolism: Clinical

Hypernatremia: Clinical

Hyponatremia: Clinical

Hyperkalemia: Clinical

Hypokalemia: Clinical

Metabolic and respiratory acidosis: Clinical

Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis: Clinical

Toxidromes: Clinical

Medication overdoses and toxicities: Pathology review

Environmental and chemical toxicities: Pathology review

Acute kidney injury: Clinical

Substance misuse and addiction: Clinical

Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Other depressants: Pathology review

Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists

Opioid antagonists

Glucocorticoids

Allergic rhinitis

Salmonella (non-typhoidal)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Yersinia enterocolitica

Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)

Serratia marcescens

Bacteroides fragilis

Yersinia pestis (Plague)

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)

Bordetella pertussis (Whooping cough)

Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)

Pasteurella multocida

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Streptococcus viridans

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)

Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)

Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)

Listeria monocytogenes

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)

Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)

Actinomyces israelii

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium avium complex (NORD)

Human papillomavirus

Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis D virus

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides

Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim

Antituberculosis medications

Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins

Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Integrase and entry inhibitors

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Protease inhibitors

Hepatitis medications

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Herpesvirus medications

Miscellaneous antifungal medications

Upper respiratory tract infection

Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses

Bacterial epiglottitis

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation

Choanal atresia

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Sudden infant death syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Methemoglobinemia

Anatomy of the larynx and trachea

Bones and joints of the thoracic wall

Muscles of the thoracic wall

Vessels and nerves of the thoracic wall

Anatomy of the pleura

Anatomy of the lungs and tracheobronchial tree

Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall

Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs

Development of the respiratory system

Nasal cavity and larynx histology

Trachea and bronchi histology

Bronchioles and alveoli histology

Respiratory system anatomy and physiology

Reading a chest X-ray

Lung volumes and capacities

Anatomic and physiologic dead space

Alveolar surface tension and surfactant

Compliance of lungs and chest wall

Combined pressure-volume curves for the lung and chest wall

Zones of pulmonary blood flow

Regulation of pulmonary blood flow

Pulmonary shunts

Ventilation-perfusion ratios and V/Q mismatch

Breathing cycle

Airflow, pressure, and resistance

Ideal (general) gas law

Gas exchange in the lungs, blood and tissues

Diffusion-limited and perfusion-limited gas exchange

Alveolar gas equation

Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Oxygen binding capacity and oxygen content

Carbon dioxide transport in blood

Breathing control

Pulmonary chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

Pulmonary changes at high altitude and altitude sickness

Pulmonary changes during exercise

Chronic bronchitis

Cystic fibrosis

Restrictive lung diseases

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Superior vena cava syndrome

Pleural effusion

Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary hypertension

Apnea of prematurity

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Decompression sickness

Cyanide poisoning

Bacterial tracheitis

Arterial disease

Angina pectoris

Unstable angina

Prinzmetal angina

Myocardial infarction

Coronary steal syndrome

Aortic dissection

Behcet's disease

Kawasaki disease

Coarctation of the aorta

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

Chronic venous insufficiency

Thrombophlebitis

Deep vein thrombosis

Vascular tumors

Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)

Subclavian steal syndrome

Hypertensive emergency

Orthostatic hypotension

Abetalipoproteinemia

Truncus arteriosus

Transposition of the great vessels

Tetralogy of Fallot

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Patent ductus arteriosus

Ventricular septal defect

Atrial septal defect

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Transplant rejection

Graft-versus-host disease

Cytomegalovirus infection after transplant (NORD)

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (NORD)

Compartment syndrome

Tuberous sclerosis

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Atrial fibrillation

Premature atrial contraction

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Ventricular tachycardia

Brugada syndrome

Premature ventricular contraction

Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes

Ventricular fibrillation

Atrioventricular block

Bundle branch block

Tricuspid valve disease

Pulmonary valve disease

Mitral valve disease

Aortic valve disease

Pulseless electrical activity

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Rheumatic heart disease

Pericarditis and pericardial effusion

Cardiac tamponade

Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review

Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review

Pneumonia: Pathology review

Tuberculosis: Pathology review

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review

Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review

Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review

Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review

Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review

Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review

Antihistamines for allergies

Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists

Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines

Pulmonary corticosteroids and mast cell inhibitors

Introduction to the cardiovascular system

Introduction to the lymphatic system

Anatomy of the heart

Anatomy of the coronary circulation

Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart

Anatomy of the superior mediastinum

Anatomy of the inferior mediastinum

Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum

Cardiac muscle histology

Artery and vein histology

Arteriole, venule and capillary histology

Cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology

Lymphatic system anatomy and physiology

Coronary circulation

Blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance

Pressures in the cardiovascular system

Laminar flow and Reynolds number

Resistance to blood flow

Compliance of blood vessels

Control of blood flow circulation

Microcirculation and Starling forces

Pressure-volume loops

Changes in pressure-volume loops

Physiological changes during exercise

Cardiovascular changes during hemorrhage

Cardiovascular changes during postural change

Normal heart sounds

Abnormal heart sounds

Action potentials in myocytes

Action potentials in pacemaker cells

Excitability and refractory periods

Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling

Electrical conduction in the heart

Cardiac conduction velocity

ECG normal sinus rhythm

ECG QRS transition

ECG rate and rhythm

ECG cardiac infarction and ischemia

ECG cardiac hypertrophy and enlargement

Dressler syndrome

Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review

Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review

Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review

Coronary artery disease: Pathology review

Valvular heart disease: Pathology review

Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review

Heart failure: Pathology review

Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Heart blocks: Pathology review

Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review

Pericardial disease: Pathology review

Endocarditis: Pathology review

Hypertension: Pathology review

Shock: Pathology review

Vasculitis: Pathology review

Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review

Dyslipidemias: Pathology review

Cholinergic receptors

Adrenergic receptors

Cholinomimetics: Direct agonists

Cholinomimetics: Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases)

Muscarinic antagonists

Sympathomimetics: Direct agonists

Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists

Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic

Calcium channel blockers

cGMP mediated smooth muscle vasodilators

Class I antiarrhythmics: Sodium channel blockers

Class II antiarrhythmics: Beta blockers

Class III antiarrhythmics: Potassium channel blockers

Class IV antiarrhythmics: Calcium channel blockers and others

Positive inotropic medications

Assessments

Flashcards

0 / 2 complete

High Yield Notes

2 pages

Flashcards

Encopresis

0 of 2 complete

Summary

Encopresis is a disorder commonly seen in children, in which they defecate in inappropriate places such as the floor, or in clothes, either voluntarily or involuntarily. It is usually associated with constipation with overflow incontinence. Diagnostic criteria are a person with the age above 4 years, with at least one episode per month in a period of over 3 months.