Endometrial cancer

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Endometrial cancer

Reproductive system

Male and female reproductive system disorders

Precocious puberty

Delayed puberty

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

5-alpha-reductase deficiency

Kallmann syndrome

Male reproductive system disorders

Hypospadias and epispadias

Bladder exstrophy

Priapism

Penile cancer

Prostatitis

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Prostate cancer

Cryptorchidism

Inguinal hernia

Varicocele

Epididymitis

Orchitis

Testicular torsion

Testicular cancer

Erectile dysfunction

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Female reproductive system disorders

Amenorrhea

Ovarian cyst

Premature ovarian failure

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Ovarian torsion

Krukenberg tumor

Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor

Surface epithelial-stromal tumor

Germ cell ovarian tumor

Uterine fibroid

Endometriosis

Endometritis

Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial cancer

Choriocarcinoma

Cervical cancer

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Urethritis

Female sexual interest and arousal disorder

Orgasmic dysfunction

Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder

Mastitis

Fibrocystic breast changes

Intraductal papilloma

Phyllodes tumor

Paget disease of the breast

Breast cancer

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Gestational hypertension

Preeclampsia & eclampsia

Gestational diabetes

Cervical incompetence

Placenta previa

Placenta accreta

Placental abruption

Oligohydramnios

Polyhydramnios

Potter sequence

Intrauterine growth restriction

Preterm labor

Postpartum hemorrhage

Chorioamnionitis

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Congenital cytomegalovirus (NORD)

Congenital syphilis

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Neonatal herpes simplex

Congenital rubella syndrome

Neonatal sepsis

Neonatal meningitis

Miscarriage

Gestational trophoblastic disease

Ectopic pregnancy

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Reproductive system pathology review

Disorders of sex chromosomes: Pathology review

Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review

Testicular tumors: Pathology review

Uterine disorders: Pathology review

Ovarian cysts and tumors: Pathology review

Cervical cancer: Pathology review

Vaginal and vulvar disorders: Pathology review

Benign breast conditions: Pathology review

Breast cancer: Pathology review

Complications during pregnancy: Pathology review

Congenital TORCH infections: Pathology review

Disorders of sexual development and sex hormones: Pathology review

Amenorrhea: Pathology Review

Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review

Sexually transmitted infections: Warts and ulcers: Pathology review

Sexually transmitted infections: Vaginitis and cervicitis: Pathology review

HIV and AIDS: Pathology review

Penile conditions: Pathology review

Assessments

Endometrial cancer

Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 questions

0 / 2 complete

High Yield Notes

13 pages

Flashcards

Endometrial cancer

of complete

Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

of complete

A 65-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 2, presents to the office for evaluation of an abnormal routine Pap smear. She has been healthy and has no vaginal spotting or bleeding. The cervical cytology showed atypical glandular cells. Menarche was at age 14, and she had a regular menstrual cycle until menopause at the age of 47. Past medical history is significant for osteoporosis treated with raloxifene. She also took hormone replacement therapy for hot flashes for two years after menopause. Family history is significant for breast cancer in her mother. Vitals are within normal limits. BMI is 31.5 kg/m2. Pelvic examination shows loss of labial fullness and an atrophic vagina. Bimanual examination is significant for a small uterus. Endometrial sampling is performed, and histology shows complex papillary architecture with the presence of round calcific collections and marked nuclear atypia. Which of the following risk factors in this patient’s history is the most significant in the development of this patient’s condition?  

External References

First Aid

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Diabetes mellitus p. 352-360

endometrial cancer risk p. 665

Endometrial cancer

Lynch syndrome and p. 397

tamoxifen and p. 450

tumor suppressor genes and p. 222

Estrogen p. 654, 680

endometrial carcinoma p. 665

Hypertension p. 306

endometrial cancer p. 665

Lynch syndrome p. 397

endometrial cancer p. 665

Obesity

endometrial cancer p. 665

Transcript

Contributors

Elizabeth Nixon-Shapiro, MSMI, CMI

Kaia Chessen, MScBMC

Evan Debevec-McKenney

Endometrial carcinoma, or endometrial cancer, is when malignant or cancer cells arise in the glands of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus.

The uterus is a hollow organ that sits behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum.

The top of the uterus above the openings of the fallopian tubes is called the fundus, and the region below the openings is called the uterine body.

The uterus tapers down into the uterine isthmus and finally the cervix, which protrudes into the vagina.

Zooming into the cervix, there are two openings, a superior opening up top, and an inferior opening down below, both of which have mucus plugs to keep the uterus closed off except during menstruation and right before ovulation.

The uterus is anchored to the sacrum by utero-sacral ligaments, to the anterior body wall by round ligaments, and it’s supported laterally by cardinal ligaments as well as the mesometrium, which is part of the broad ligament.

Sources

  1. "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
  2. "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
  3. "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
  4. "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw Hill Professional (2019)
  5. "Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I endometrial cancer" Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012)
  6. "Endometrial cancer" BMJ (2011)
  7. "Developmental Biology of Uterine Glands1" Biology of Reproduction (2001)
  8. "Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Cancer" American family physician (2016)
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