Rishi Desai, MD, MPH

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

First Aid 

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (PINWORM) osms.it/enterobius-vermicularis PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Small roundworm ▫ May infect human colon, rectum ▫ Causative enterobiasis agent Life cycle ▪ Female E. vermicularis lays > 10,000 eggs daily ▪ Perianal fold egg deposition → autoinfection by scratching; contaminated hand, mouth contact → eggs hatch into larvae (small intestine) → adult-form maturation (cecum, appendix) ▪ Life-span: 2–3 months Transmission ▪ Scratching perianal area (autoinfection) → hand–mouth contact ▪ Contaminated hands (person–person) ▪ Contaminated surface contact ▪ Eggs may become airborne, inhaled  ▪ High worm burden → abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting  DIAGNOSIS OTHER DIAGNOSTICS  ▪ Pinworm paddle/Scotch tape test ▫ Adhesive clear plastic paddle pressed against perianal areas → placed onto glass slide; reveals eggs upon microscopic examination  TREATMENT MEDICATIONS  ▪ Anthelmintic treatment  RISK FACTORS  ▪ Crowded living conditions ▪ Children 5–10 years old  COMPLICATIONS  ▪ Persistent perianal-area scratching, skin tearing → bacterial dermatitis, folliculitis ▪ Adult worms migrate to extraintestinal sites; cause vulvovaginitis, salpingitis, oophoritis, cervical granuloma, peritoneal inﬂammation  SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ Mostly asymptomatic ▪ Perianal itching (pruritus ani) occurs nocturnally  444 OSMOSIS.ORG  Figure 82.4 Pinworm found incidentally in an appendectomy specimen.   

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Parasitology

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

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Notes