Eustachian tube dysfunction
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Eustachian tube dysfunction
Eyes, ears, nose and throat
Eye disorders
Color blindness
Cortical blindness
Hemianopsia
Homonymous hemianopsia
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Cataract
Glaucoma
Retinal detachment
Age-related macular degeneration
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Retinoblastoma
Retinopathy of prematurity
Periorbital cellulitis
Uveitis
Keratitis
Orbital cellulitis
Hordeolum (stye)
Conjunctivitis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Ear disorders
Conductive hearing loss
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Tympanic membrane perforation
Otitis externa
Otitis media
Vestibular disorders
Vertigo
Meniere disease
Labyrinthitis
Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)
Nasal and nasopharyngeal disorders
Choanal atresia
Allergic rhinitis
Nasal polyps
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Oral cavity and oropharyngeal disorders
Sialadenitis
Parotitis
Ludwig angina
Aphthous ulcers
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Oral cancer
Warthin tumor
Sleep apnea
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Zenker diverticulum
Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses
Esophageal cancer
Laryngeal disorders
Laryngomalacia
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Thyroid and parathyroid gland disorders
Thyroglossal duct cyst
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Eyes, ears, nose and throat pathology review
Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review
Vertigo: Pathology review
Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
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Eustachian tube dysfunction
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Which of the following pathogens is the most likely cause of this patient’s clinical presentation?
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Rishi Desai, MD, MPHThe ear can be broken into three sections.
The first is the outer ear which is the part you see called the pinna as well as the ear canal.
Next is the middle ear, which is a tiny chamber that houses the tiny ear bones—the malleus, incus, and stapes.
And finally there’s the inner ear, which contains very special tissue structures called the cochlea which converts sound waves into electrical impulses for the brain and the semicircular canals which help with balance.
Between the outer and middle ear is an eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane, so no air passes between the two areas.
But the middle ear does have another possible outlet, called the eustachian tube which acts like a valve connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
This tube has three main functions—equalizing pressure across the tympanic membrane, protecting the middle ear from reflux of fluids going up from the nasopharynx, and clearing out middle ear secretions.
Eustachian tube dysfunction describes situations when one or all of these functions aren’t happening normally.
In an adult, the eustachian tube is a roughly 4 centimeter long part-bone, part-cartilage canal that’s surrounded by four key muscles: the tensor veli palatini, the levator veli palatini, the salpingopharyngeus, and the tensor tympani, and it’s those first two that help a lot with opening up the tube.
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