Gingivitis and periodontitis
00:00 / 00:00
Videos
Notes
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Pathology
Liver, gallbladder and pancreas disorders
Biliary atresia
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Gilbert's syndrome
Rotor syndrome
Acute cholecystitis
Ascending cholangitis
Biliary colic
Cholangiocarcinoma
Chronic cholecystitis
Gallbladder cancer
Gallstone ileus
Gallstones
Alcohol-induced liver disease
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Autoimmune hepatitis
Benign liver tumors
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cholestatic liver disease
Cirrhosis
Hemochromatosis
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatitis
Hepatocellular adenoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Jaundice
Neonatal hepatitis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Portal hypertension
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Reye syndrome
Wilson disease
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Lower gastrointestinal tract disorders
Bowel obstruction
Gallstone ileus
Intestinal adhesions
Volvulus
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal polyps
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Gardner syndrome
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Gastroschisis
Hirschsprung disease
Imperforate anus
Intestinal atresia
Intestinal malrotation
Intussusception
Meckel diverticulum
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Omphalocele
Abdominal hernias
Femoral hernia
Inguinal hernia
Crohn disease
Microscopic colitis
Ulcerative colitis
Ischemic colitis
Small bowel ischemia and infarction
Celiac disease
Lactose intolerance
Protein losing enteropathy
Short bowel syndrome (NORD)
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Tropical sprue
Whipple's disease
Carcinoid syndrome
Appendicitis
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
Gastroenteritis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Anal fissure
Anal fistula
Hemorrhoid
Rectal prolapse
Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Esophageal web
Pyloric stenosis
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Achalasia
Barrett esophagus
Boerhaave syndrome
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)
Esophageal cancer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Zenker diverticulum
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Gastric cancer
Gastric dumping syndrome
Gastritis
Gastroenteritis
Gastroparesis
Peptic ulcer
Aphthous ulcers
Dental abscess
Dental caries disease
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Ludwig angina
Oral cancer
Oral candidiasis
Parotitis
Sialadenitis
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Warthin tumor
Gastrointestinal system pathology review
Appendicitis: Pathology review
Cirrhosis: Pathology review
Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review
Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review
Diverticular disease: Pathology review
Esophageal disorders: Pathology review
Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review
GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review
Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review
Jaundice: Pathology review
Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system: Pathology review
Pancreatitis: Pathology review
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Assessments
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Flashcards
0 / 12 complete
High Yield Notes
11 pages
Flashcards
Gingivitis and periodontitis
of complete
Transcript
Content Reviewers
Contributors
With gingivitis, gingiva refers to the gums, and -itis refers to inflammation, so gingivitis is inflammation of the gums.
With periodontitis, peri- means around, and odon-, refers to the tooth, so it’s inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures around the teeth.
Broadly speaking, the two are on a spectrum starting with simple gingivitis on one end, and if the process doesn’t get treated, it can develop into more severe disease - periodontitis, which is on the other end of the spectrum.
Let's start by building a model of a tooth and its surrounding structures.
In the mouth, the bone beneath the bottom row of teeth is the mandible, and the bone above the top row of teeth is the maxilla.
Both bones have an alveolus, or socket, for each tooth.
The socket is lined on the inside by a periodontal ligament.
Protecting the alveolus on the outside, is a layer of soft, supportive tissue called the gingiva, or gums, that sits on top of the bone.
The tooth itself can be roughly divided into two parts.
The first part is the root, and it sits within the alveolus.
The root is covered by a bonelike substance called cementum, and that’s what the periodontal ligament’s fibers attach to.
Next, there’s a short zone called the neck, which is the transition between the root and the crown.
The crown is the visible part of the tooth that protrudes from the gingiva, and it’s covered in enamel.
Enamel has such a high mineral content that it’s the hardest substance in the human body.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Dentin structure composition and mineralization" Frontiers in Bioscience (2011)
- "Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults" Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2011)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Microbial dysbiosis in periodontitis" Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (2013)
- "Microbial Ecology of Dental Plaque and its Significance in Health and Disease" Advances in Dental Research (1994)
For Institutions
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Cookies are used by this site.
USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.
