Hodgkin lymphoma
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Hodgkin lymphoma
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Hodgkin lymphoma
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) p. 162
Hodgkin lymphoma p. 436
Hodgkin lymphoma
bleomycin for p. 447
non-Hodgkin vs p. 436
oncogenic microbes and p. 224
paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and p. 221
types of p. 730
vinca alkaloids for p. 449
Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma p. 730
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma p. 436, 437
Hodgkin lymphoma vs p. 436
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Transcript
Content Reviewers
Rishi Desai, MD, MPHContributors
Tanner Marshall, MS
The term Hodgkin lymphoma -can be broken down. Lymph- refers to lymphocytes and oma- refers to a tumor.
So, Hodgkin lymphoma is a tumor derived from lymphocytes - specifically B-cells which mainly reside in lymph nodes.
In case you’re wondering, the disease gets its name from the English physician Thomas Hodgkin, who first described these tumors.
B-cell development begins in the bone marrow, which is a primary lymphoid organ.
That’s where young precursor B-cells mature into naive B-cells.
The naive B cells then leave the bone marrow and circulate in the blood and eventually settle down in lymph nodes.
Humans have hundreds of lymph nodes, scattered throughout the body, and they’re considered secondary lymphoid organs.
Each lymph node has B-cells which group together in follicles in the cortex or outer part of the lymph node, along with T-cells in the paracortex just below the cortex.
B-cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are found in the medulla or center of the lymph nodes.
Plasma cells release antibodies or immunoglobulins.
Antibodies bind to pathogens like viruses and bacteria, to help destroy or remove them.
Various immune cells, including B-cells have surface proteins or markers that are called CD, short for cluster of differentiation, along with a number - like CD19 or CD21.
In fact, the combination of surface proteins that are on an immune cell works a bit like an ID card.
Now, a B cell is activated when it encounters an antigen that binds just perfectly to its surface immunoglobulin.
Some of these activated B-cells mature directly into plasma cells and produce IgM antibodies.
Other activated B-cells go to the center of a primary follicle in the lymph node and they differentiate into B-cells called centroblasts and start to quickly proliferate or divide.
Summary
Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system typically arising from B-cells. It is commonly seen in immunodeficient individuals, such as those with HIV, and is usually associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and painless and swollen cervical lymph nodes.
Sources
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Yen & Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology" Saunders W.B. (2018)
- "Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking" LWW (2016)
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "On the origin of giant cells in Hodgkin lymphoma" Communicative & Integrative Biology (2014)
- "Primary multifocal osseous Hodgkin's lymphoma" World Journal of Surgical Oncology (2008)
- "Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Treatment" Mayo Clinic Proceedings (2015)
- "Long-term endocrine side effects of childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment: a review" Human Reproduction Update (2011)
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