Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
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USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
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| Laboratory value | Result |
| Hematologic | |
| Hemoglobin | 12 g/dL |
| Hematocrit | 40% |
| Platelet count | 95,000/mm3 |
| Leukocyte count | 9,000/mm3 |
| Coagulation studies | |
| Prothrombin time (PT) | 12 seconds |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) | 29 seconds |
| Bleeding time* | 15 minutes |
Which of the following conditions is the patient at greatest risk of developing?
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Transcript
Contributors
Robyn Hughes, MScBMC
Evan Debevec-McKenney
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura or ITP is an autoimmune condition in which the body produces antibodies against its own thrombocytes or platelets, which are destroyed. And this result in purpura, or small bleeding spots beneath the skin.
Normally, when there’s any kind of damage to the blood vessel, hemostasis occurs, which is the process that stops the bleeding and plugs the damaged vessel to limit the blood loss.
And there are two steps: primary and secondary hemostasis. During primary hemostasis, platelets aggregate to form a plug at the site of an injured blood vessel.
Platelet aggregation is mediated by surface proteins found on platelets, called GP2B3A receptors. While these platelets are aggregating, secondary hemostasis kicks in.
Secondary hemostasis is also called coagulation, because that’s when clotting factors come into play one after another, with a view to cleaving fibrinogen into fibrin.
Then, fibrin forms a protein mesh, kinda like a giant net that covers the platelet plug and stabilizes it.
Now, in ITP, the spleen produces certain IgG autoantibodies which bind to the platelet receptor Gp2B3A, and target the platelet-antibody complexes for destruction in the spleen.
This leads to lowering of platelet counts in the blood, which makes it harder for bleeding to stop. Now, ITP can be acute or chronic.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine" McGraw-Hill (2004)
- "Purpura thrombopénique immunologique [Immune thrombocytopenic purpura]" Rev Prat (2019)
- "Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura" New England Journal of Medicine (2002)
- "[TREATMENT OF IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN ADULTS: UPDATE]" Harefuah (2019)
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