Immunodeficiencies: T-cell and B-cell disorders: Pathology review

Anatomy clinical correlates: Spinal cord pathways

Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, fascia and muscles of the neck

Anatomy of the oral cavity

Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication

Muscles of the face and scalp

Anatomy of the salivary glands

Nerves and vessels of the face and scalp

Anatomy of the tongue

Anatomy of the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) fossa

Anatomy of the inner ear

Anatomy of the infratemporal fossa

Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp

Anatomy of the cerebral cortex

Anatomy of the cerebellum

Anatomy of the cranial meninges and dural venous sinuses

Anatomy of the brainstem

Anatomy of the basal ganglia

Anatomy of the white matter tracts

Anatomy of the limbic system

Anatomy of the blood supply to the brain

Anatomy of the diencephalon

Anatomy of the ventricular system

Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebral hemispheres

Anatomy of the olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves

Anatomy of the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves

Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Anatomy of the facial nerve (CN VII)

Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Anatomy of the spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves

Anatomy of the vagus nerve (CN X)

Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves

Glycolysis

Citric acid cycle

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogen metabolism

Pentose phosphate pathway

Amino acid metabolism

Nitrogen and urea cycle

Fatty acid synthesis

Fatty acid oxidation

Ketone body metabolism

Cholesterol metabolism

Type I and type II errors

Sensitivity and specificity

Incidence and prevalence

Positive and negative predictive value

Test precision and accuracy

Relative and absolute risk

Odds ratio

Attributable risk (AR)

Mortality rates and case-fatality

DALY and QALY

Direct standardization

Indirect standardization

Study designs

Ecologic study

Cross sectional study

Case-control study

Cohort study

Randomized control trial

Clinical trials

Sample size

Placebo effect and masking

Disease causality

Selection bias

Information bias

Confounding

Interaction

Bias in interpreting results of clinical studies

Bias in performing clinical studies

Modes of infectious disease transmission

Vaccination and herd immunity

Prevention

Leukodystrophy

Adrenoleukodystrophy (NORD)

Zellweger spectrum disorders (NORD)

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Alport syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Marfan syndrome

Vitamin C deficiency

Peroxisomal disorders: Pathology review

Nuclear structure

DNA structure

Transcription of DNA

Translation of mRNA

Gene regulation

Epigenetics

Amino acids and protein folding

Protein structure and synthesis

Nucleotide metabolism

DNA replication

Lac operon

DNA damage and repair

Cell cycle

Mitosis and meiosis

DNA mutations

Development of the cardiovascular system

Fetal circulation

Development of the face and palate

Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts

Development of the ear

Development of the eye

Development of the digestive system and body cavities

Development of the gastrointestinal system

Development of the teeth

Development of the tongue

Development of the integumentary system

Development of the axial skeleton

Development of the limbs

Development of the muscular system

Development of the nervous system

Development of the renal system

Development of the reproductive system

Development of the respiratory system

Human development days 1-4

Human development days 4-7

Human development week 2

Human development week 3

Ectoderm

Mesoderm

Endoderm

Development of the placenta

Development of the fetal membranes

Development of twins

Hedgehog signaling pathway

Development of the umbilical cord

Mendelian genetics and punnett squares

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Inheritance patterns

Independent assortment of genes and linkage

Evolution and natural selection

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Orotic aciduria

Adenosine deaminase deficiency

Xeroderma pigmentosum

McCune-Albright syndrome

Acute radiation syndrome

Purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism disorders: Pathology review

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)

Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)

Fragile X syndrome

Huntington disease

Myotonic dystrophy

Friedreich ataxia

Turner syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome

Angelman syndrome

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Cri du chat syndrome

Williams syndrome

Alagille syndrome (NORD)

Achondroplasia

Polycystic kidney disease

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Neurofibromatosis

Tuberous sclerosis

von Hippel-Lindau disease

Albinism

Cystic fibrosis

Gaucher disease (NORD)

Glycogen storage disease type I

Glycogen storage disease type II (NORD)

Glycogen storage disease type III

Glycogen storage disease type IV

Glycogen storage disease type V

Hemochromatosis

Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 1 (Hurler syndrome) (NORD)

Krabbe disease

Niemann-Pick disease types A and B (NORD)

Niemann-Pick disease type C

Phenylketonuria (NORD)

Sickle cell disease (NORD)

Tay-Sachs disease (NORD)

Alpha-thalassemia

Beta-thalassemia

Wilson disease

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Fabry disease (NORD)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Hemophilia

Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 2 (Hunter syndrome) (NORD)

Muscular dystrophy

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Mitochondrial myopathy

Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review

Miscellaneous genetic disorders: Pathology review

Blood histology

Bacterial structure and functions

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Streptococcus viridans

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)

Enterococcus

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)

Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous colitis)

Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)

Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)

Listeria monocytogenes

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)

Nocardia

Actinomyces israelii

Escherichia coli

Salmonella (non-typhoidal)

Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Enterobacter

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Shigella

Proteus mirabilis

Yersinia enterocolitica

Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)

Serratia marcescens

Bacteroides fragilis

Yersinia pestis (Plague)

Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)

Helicobacter pylori

Campylobacter jejuni

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)

Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis/Whooping cough)

Brucella

Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)

Pasteurella multocida

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium avium complex (NORD)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Chlamydia trachomatis

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)

Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)

Leptospira

Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)

Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species

Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma

Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)

Varicella zoster virus

Cytomegalovirus

Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)

Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)

Herpes simplex virus

Human herpesvirus 6 (Roseola)

Adenovirus

Parvovirus B19

Human papillomavirus

Poxvirus (Smallpox and Molluscum contagiosum)

BK virus (Hemorrhagic cystitis)

JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)

Poliovirus

Coxsackievirus

Rhinovirus

Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis D virus

Influenza virus

Mumps virus

Measles virus

Respiratory syncytial virus

Human parainfluenza viruses

Dengue virus

Yellow fever virus

Zika virus

Hepatitis C virus

West Nile virus

Norovirus

Rotavirus

Coronaviruses

HIV (AIDS)

Human T-lymphotropic virus

Ebola virus

Rabies virus

Rubella virus

Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Hantavirus

Coccidioidomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis

Histoplasmosis

Blastomycosis

Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)

Trichomonas vaginalis

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides

Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim

Antituberculosis medications

Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins

Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole

DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Integrase and entry inhibitors

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Protease inhibitors

Hepatitis medications

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Herpesvirus medications

Azoles

Echinocandins

Miscellaneous antifungal medications

Anthelmintic medications

Antimalarials

Anti-mite and louse medications

Free radicals and cellular injury

Necrosis and apoptosis

Ischemia

Hypoxia

Amyloidosis

Inflammation

Wound healing

Arterial disease

Angina pectoris

Stable angina

Unstable angina

Myocardial infarction

Prinzmetal angina

Coronary steal syndrome

Peripheral artery disease

Subclavian steal syndrome

Aortic dissection

Vasculitis

Behcet's disease

Kawasaki disease

Hypertension

Hypertensive emergency

Renal artery stenosis

Coarctation of the aorta

Cushing syndrome

Conn syndrome

Hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension

Hypertriglyceridemia

Hyperlipidemia

Chronic venous insufficiency

Thrombophlebitis

Deep vein thrombosis

Lymphedema

Lymphangioma

Shock

Vascular tumors

Angiosarcomas

Candida

Tetralogy of Fallot

Truncus arteriosus

Transposition of the great vessels

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Patent ductus arteriosus

Ventricular septal defect

Atrial septal defect

Atrial flutter

Atrial fibrillation

Premature atrial contraction

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Ventricular tachycardia

Brugada syndrome

Premature ventricular contraction

Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes

Ventricular fibrillation

Atrioventricular block

Bundle branch block

Pulseless electrical activity

Heart failure

Cor pulmonale

Endocarditis

Myocarditis

Rheumatic heart disease

Hypertension: Pathology review

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic nephropathy

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypopituitarism

Cataract

Glaucoma

Vertigo

Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review

Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review

Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review

Coronary artery disease: Pathology review

Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review

Valvular heart disease: Pathology review

Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review

Heart failure: Pathology review

Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review

Heart blocks: Pathology review

Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review

Pericardial disease: Pathology review

Endocarditis: Pathology review

Shock: Pathology review

Vasculitis: Pathology review

Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review

Dyslipidemias: Pathology review

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Hyperaldosteronism

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Cleft lip and palate

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Esophageal web

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Pyloric stenosis

Sialadenitis

Parotitis

Oral candidiasis

Ludwig angina

Aphthous ulcers

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Dental abscess

Gingivitis and periodontitis

Dental caries disease

Oral cancer

Warthin tumor

Barrett esophagus

Achalasia

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Boerhaave syndrome

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Zenker diverticulum

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Esophageal cancer

Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)

Gastric dumping syndrome

Peptic ulcer

Cyclic vomiting syndrome

Gastroenteritis

Gastric cancer

Gastritis

Meckel diverticulum

Celiac disease

Crohn disease

Ulcerative colitis

Hemorrhoid

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

Biliary atresia

Gilbert's syndrome

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Rotor syndrome

Jaundice

Cirrhosis

Portal hypertension

Hepatic encephalopathy

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cholestatic liver disease

Hepatocellular adenoma

Autoimmune hepatitis

Alcohol-induced liver disease

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Hepatitis

Neonatal hepatitis

Reye syndrome

Benign liver tumors

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Gallstones

Biliary colic

Acute cholecystitis

Ascending cholangitis

Chronic cholecystitis

Gallstone ileus

Gallbladder cancer

Cholangiocarcinoma

Acute pancreatitis

Pancreatic pseudocyst

Chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review

Esophageal disorders: Pathology review

GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review

Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review

Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review

Diverticular disease: Pathology review

Appendicitis: Pathology review

Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review

Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review

Pancreatitis: Pathology review

Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review

Jaundice: Pathology review

Viral hepatitis: Pathology review

Cirrhosis: Pathology review

Iron deficiency anemia

Sideroblastic anemia

Anemia of chronic disease

Lead poisoning

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Aplastic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia

Folate (Vitamin B9) deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Diamond-Blackfan anemia

Vitamin K deficiency

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Von Willebrand disease

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Antithrombin III deficiency

Factor V Leiden

Protein C deficiency

Protein S deficiency

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Multiple myeloma

Microcytic anemia: Pathology review