Ischemic stroke

There are two main types of stroke: an ischemic stroke which is when there’s a blocked artery that reduces blood flow to the brain and a hemorrhagic stroke which is when an artery in the brain breaks, creating a pool of blood that damages the brain.

Of the two, ischemic strokes are much more common, and the amount of damage they cause is related to the parts of the brain that are affected and how long the brain suffers from reduced blood flow.

Now if symptoms self-resolve within 24 hours, it’s called a transient ischemic attack and there are usually minimal long-term problems.

OK - let’s start with some basic brain anatomy. The brain has a few regions - the most obvious is the cerebrum, which is divided into two cerebral hemispheres, each of which has a cortex - an outer region - divided into four lobes including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and the occipital lobe.

There are also a number of additional structures - including the cerebellum, which is down below, as well as the brainstem which connects to the spinal cord.

The right cerebrum controls muscles on the left side of your body and vice versa.

The frontal lobe controls movement, and executive function, which is our ability to make decisions.

The parietal lobe processes sensory information, which lets us locate exactly where we are physically and guides movements in a three dimensional space.

The temporal lobe plays a role in hearing, smell, and memory, as well as visual recognition of faces and languages.

Finally there’s the occipital lobe which is primarily responsible for vision.

The cerebellum helps with muscle coordination and balance.

And finally there’s the brainstem plays a vital role in functions like heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, gastrointestinal function, and consciousness.