Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Ortopedia 2020!
Ortopedia 2020!
Introduction to biostatistics
Probability
Types of data
Mean, median, and mode
Range, variance, and standard deviation
Normal distribution and z-scores
Standard error of the mean (Central limit theorem)
Paired t-test
Two-sample t-test
Hypothesis testing: One-tailed and two-tailed tests
Sensitivity and specificity
Positive and negative predictive value
Test precision and accuracy
Incidence and prevalence
Relative and absolute risk
Odds ratio
Attributable risk (AR)
Mortality rates and case-fatality
DALY and QALY
Direct standardization
Indirect standardization
Ecologic study
Cross sectional study
Case-control study
Cohort study
Randomized control trial
Sample size
Placebo effect and masking
Disease causality
Selection bias
Information bias
Confounding
Interaction
Modes of infectious disease transmission
Outbreak investigations
Disease surveillance
Vaccination and herd immunity
Correlation
Linear regression
Logistic regression
Type I and type II errors
Inflammation
Ischemia
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
Metaplasia and dysplasia
Epigenetics
Gene regulation
Introduction to the immune system
Vaccinations
Innate immune system
Complement system
B-cell development
T-cell development
Cytokines
Antibody classes
B-cell activation and differentiation
Somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation
T-cell activation
VDJ rearrangement
MHC class I and MHC class II molecules
Cell-mediated immunity of CD4 cells
Cell-mediated immunity of natural killer and CD8 cells
Contracting the immune response and peripheral tolerance
B- and T-cell memory
Type I hypersensitivity
Food allergy
Anaphylaxis
Type II hypersensitivity
Serum sickness
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Graft-versus-host disease
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Chronic granulomatous disease
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Complement deficiency
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
Isolated primary immunoglobulin M deficiency
Hyper IgM syndrome
Thymic aplasia
DiGeorge syndrome
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Glucocorticoids
Non-corticosteroid immunosuppressants and immunotherapies
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)
Streptococcus viridans
Enterococcus
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
Nocardia
Actinomyces israelii
Escherichia coli
Salmonella (non-typhoidal)
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter
Bartonella henselae (Cat-scratch disease and Bacillary angiomatosis)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Shigella
Proteus mirabilis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)
Serratia marcescens
Bacteroides fragilis
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Helicobacter pylori
Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)
Campylobacter jejuni
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
Bordetella pertussis (Whooping cough)
Brucella
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
Pasteurella multocida
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Leptospira
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)
Abscesses
Sepsis
Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)
Herpes simplex virus
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella zoster virus
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Human herpesvirus 6 (Roseola)
Adenovirus
Parvovirus B19
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Hepatitis D virus
Human papillomavirus
Poxvirus (Smallpox and Molluscum contagiosum)
JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
BK virus (Hemorrhagic cystitis)
Coxsackievirus
Poliovirus
Rhinovirus
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Influenza virus
Measles virus
Mumps virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Human parainfluenza viruses
West Nile virus
Dengue virus
Yellow fever virus
Zika virus
Hepatitis C virus
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Norovirus
Rotavirus
Coronaviruses
HIV (AIDS)
Human T-lymphotropic virus
Ebola virus
Rabies virus
Rubella virus
Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus
Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Hantavirus
Prions (Spongiform encephalopathy)
Candida
Plasmodium species (Malaria)
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Antituberculosis medications
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Echinocandins
Azoles
Miscellaneous antifungal medications
Anti-mite and louse medications
Anthelmintic medications
Antimalarials
Integrase and entry inhibitors
Herpesvirus medications
Hepatitis medications
Protease inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Heart failure: Pathology review
Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Platelet disorders: Pathology review
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review
Microcytic anemia: Pathology review
Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Myeloproliferative disorders: Pathology review
Leukemias: Pathology review
Plasma cell disorders: Pathology review
Lymphomas: Pathology review
Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability): Pathology review
Pancreatitis: Pathology review
Cirrhosis: Pathology review
Appendicitis: Pathology review
Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review
Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review
Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review
Esophageal disorders: Pathology review
Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review
GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review
Diverticular disease: Pathology review
Jaundice: Pathology review
Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review
Scleroderma: Pathology review
Bone tumors: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review
Bone disorders: Pathology review
Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review
Myalgias and myositis: Pathology review
Back pain: Pathology review
Skeletal system anatomy and physiology
Cartilage structure and growth
Bone remodeling and repair
Fibrous, cartilage, and synovial joints
Muscular system anatomy and physiology
Muscle contraction
Slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibers
Sliding filament model of muscle contraction
Neuromuscular junction and motor unit
Rheumatoid arthritis
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Gout
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout)
Ankylosing spondylitis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Scleroderma
Raynaud phenomenon
Limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)
Sjogren syndrome
Fibromyalgia
Mixed connective tissue disease
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Amyloidosis
Dermatomyositis
Polymyositis
Inclusion body myopathy
Osteoarthritis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Paget disease of bone
Osteomalacia and rickets
Osteoporosis
Osgood-Schlatter disease (traction apophysitis)
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis
Rotator cuff tear
Meniscus tear
Compartment syndrome
Bone tumors
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Achondroplasia
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Antigout medications
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Osteoporosis medications
Nephrotic syndromes: Pathology review
Renal and urinary tract masses: Pathology review
Urinary incontinence: Pathology review
Renal failure: Pathology review
Renal tubular acidosis: Pathology review
Congenital renal disorders: Pathology review
Urinary tract infections: Pathology review
Kidney stones: Pathology review
Nephritic syndromes: Pathology review
Renal tubular defects: Pathology review
Acid-base disturbances: Pathology review
Pediatric brain tumors: Pathology review
Movement disorders: Pathology review
Headaches: Pathology review
Adult brain tumors: Pathology review
Vertigo: Pathology review
Neurocutaneous disorders: Pathology review
Central nervous system infections: Pathology review
Seizures: Pathology review
Demyelinating disorders: Pathology review
Traumatic brain injury: Pathology review
Congenital neurological disorders: Pathology review
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review
Diabetes insipidus and SIADH: Pathology review
Hypopituitarism: Pathology review
Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Pathology review
Pituitary tumors: Pathology review
Hypothyroidism: Pathology review
Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review
Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review
Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Pathology review
Adrenal masses: Pathology review
Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review
Breast cancer: Pathology review
Testicular tumors: Pathology review
Cervical cancer: Pathology review
Uterine disorders: Pathology review
Complications during pregnancy: Pathology review
Vaginal and vulvar disorders: Pathology review
Ovarian cysts and tumors: Pathology review
Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review
Pneumonia: Pathology review
Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review
Tuberculosis: Pathology review
Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review
Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review
Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Clinical
Heart failure: Clinical
Syncope: Clinical
Hypertension: Clinical
Pericardial disease: Clinical
Infective endocarditis: Clinical
Valvular heart disease: Clinical
Cardiomyopathies: Clinical
Hypercholesterolemia: Clinical
Aortic aneurysms and dissections: Clinical
Asthma: Clinical
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Clinical
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease: Clinical
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Clinical
Pleural effusion: Clinical
Lung cancer: Clinical
Pneumonia: Clinical
Venous thromboembolism: Clinical
Anemia: Clinical
Leukemia: Clinical
Lymphoma: Clinical
Thrombocytopenia: Clinical
Blood products and transfusion: Clinical
Thrombophilia: Clinical
Bleeding disorders: Clinical
Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Clinical
Plasma cell disorders: Clinical
Diabetes mellitus: Clinical
Hyperthyroidism: Clinical
Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis: Clinical
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Clinical
MEN syndromes: Clinical
Cushing syndrome: Clinical
Adrenal masses and tumors: Clinical
Pituitary adenomas and pituitary hyperfunction: Clinical
Hypopituitarism: Clinical
Adrenal insufficiency: Clinical
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Clinical
Rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical
Joint pain: Clinical
Seronegative arthritis: Clinical
Vasculitis: Clinical
Inflammatory myopathies: Clinical
Sjogren syndrome: Clinical
Gallbladder disorders: Clinical
Esophagitis: Clinical
Esophageal disorders: Clinical
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Clinical
Peptic ulcers and stomach cancer: Clinical
Diarrhea: Clinical
Malabsorption: Clinical
Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical
Gastroparesis: Clinical
Colorectal cancer: Clinical
Diverticular disease: Clinical
Pancreatitis: Clinical
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Clinical
Viral hepatitis: Clinical
Jaundice: Clinical
Cirrhosis: Clinical
Hyponatremia: Clinical
Hypernatremia: Clinical
Hyperkalemia: Clinical
Hypokalemia: Clinical
Acute kidney injury: Clinical
Chronic kidney disease: Clinical
Kidney stones: Clinical
Metabolic and respiratory acidosis: Clinical
Renal cysts and cancer: Clinical
Urinary tract infections: Clinical
Parathyroid conditions and calcium imbalance: Clinical
Nephritic and nephrotic syndromes: Clinical
Stroke: Clinical
Meningitis, encephalitis and brain abscesses: Clinical
Hyperkinetic movement disorders: Clinical
Hypokinetic movement disorders: Clinical
Seizures: Clinical
Headaches: Clinical
Dementia and delirium: Clinical
Dizziness and vertigo: Clinical
Disorders of consciousness: Clinical
Muscle weakness: Clinical
Brain tumors: Clinical
Lower back pain: Clinical
Mood disorders: Clinical
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Clinical
Anxiety disorders: Clinical
Sleep disorders: Clinical
Eating disorders: Clinical
Obsessive compulsive disorders: Clinical
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders: Clinical
Personality disorders: Clinical
Dissociative disorders: Clinical
Disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders: Clinical
Substance misuse and addiction: Clinical
Sexual dysfunctions: Clinical
Paraphilic disorders: Clinical
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Clinical
Sickle cell disease: Clinical
Pediatric bone tumors: Clinical
Pediatric constipation: Clinical
Cystic fibrosis: Clinical
Pediatric infectious rashes: Clinical
Kawasaki disease: Clinical
Pediatric lower airway conditions: Clinical
Vaccinations: Clinical
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Clinical
Pediatric allergies: Clinical
BRUE, ALTE, and SIDS: Clinical
Child abuse: Clinical
Pediatric upper airway conditions: Clinical
Pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding: Clinical
Neonatal jaundice: Clinical
Skin and soft tissue infections: Clinical
Newborn management: Clinical
Pediatric orthopedic conditions: Clinical
Pediatric vomiting: Clinical
Congenital heart defects: Clinical
Fever of unknown origin: Clinical
Developmental milestones: Clinical
Immunodeficiencies: Clinical
Pediatric ophthalmological conditions: Clinical
Congenital disorders: Clinical
Neonatal ICU conditions: Clinical
Pediatric ear, nose, and throat conditions: Clinical
Precocious and delayed puberty: Clinical
Pediatric bone and joint infections: Clinical
Pediatric urological conditions: Clinical
Perinatal infections: Clinical
Virilization: Clinical
Contraception: Clinical
Breast cancer: Clinical
Postpartum hemorrhage: Clinical
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Clinical
Infertility: Clinical
Gestational trophoblastic disease: Clinical
Sexually transmitted infections: Clinical
Vulvovaginitis: Clinical
Abnormal uterine bleeding: Clinical
Routine prenatal care: Clinical
Premature rupture of membranes: Clinical
Abnormal labor: Clinical
Vaginal versus cesarean delivery: Clinical
Antepartum hemorrhage: Clinical
Preoperative evaluation: Clinical
Postoperative evaluation: Clinical
Abdominal pain: Clinical
Appendicitis: Clinical
Esophageal surgical conditions: Clinical
Bowel obstruction: Clinical
Hernias: Clinical
Anal conditions: Clinical
Leg ulcers: Clinical
Peripheral vascular disease: Clinical
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS): Clinical
Pneumothorax: Clinical
Traumatic brain injury: Clinical
Neck trauma: Clinical
Chest trauma: Clinical
Shock: Clinical
Abdominal trauma: Clinical
Burns: Clinical
Bites and stings: Clinical
Toxidromes: Clinical
Methods of regression analysis
Study designs
Prevention
Eczematous rashes: Clinical
Hypersensitivity skin reactions: Clinical
Papulosquamous skin disorders: Clinical
Hypopigmentation skin disorders: Clinical
Blistering skin disorders: Clinical
Autoimmune bullous skin disorders: Clinical
Benign hyperpigmented skin lesions: Clinical
Skin cancer: Clinical
Assessments
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
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External References
First Aid
2024
2023
2022
2021
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis p. 551
Summary
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a type of arthritis that affects children and teens. It is an autoimmune joint disease lasting more than six weeks in children less than 16 years of age. It causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. The symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis can range from mild to severe, and they may come and go over time.