Kallmann syndrome
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Kallmann syndrome
Reproductive system
Female reproductive system disorders
Amenorrhea
Breast cancer
Fibrocystic breast changes
Intraductal papilloma
Mastitis
Paget disease of the breast
Phyllodes tumor
Intrauterine growth restriction
Oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios
Potter sequence
Postpartum hemorrhage
Preterm labor
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Urethritis
Ectopic pregnancy
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Miscarriage
Germ cell ovarian tumor
Krukenberg tumor
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian torsion
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Premature ovarian failure
Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor
Surface epithelial-stromal tumor
Chorioamnionitis
Congenital cytomegalovirus (NORD)
Congenital rubella syndrome
Congenital syphilis
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Neonatal herpes simplex
Neonatal meningitis
Neonatal sepsis
Cervical incompetence
Gestational diabetes
Gestational hypertension
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Placenta accreta
Placenta previa
Placental abruption
Preeclampsia & eclampsia
Female sexual interest and arousal disorder
Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder
Orgasmic dysfunction
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Cervical cancer
Choriocarcinoma
Endometrial cancer
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometriosis
Endometritis
Uterine fibroid
Male and female reproductive system disorders
Delayed puberty
Precocious puberty
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Kallmann syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Male reproductive system disorders
Bladder exstrophy
Hypospadias and epispadias
Penile cancer
Priapism
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostate cancer
Prostatitis
Erectile dysfunction
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Cryptorchidism
Epididymitis
Inguinal hernia
Orchitis
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
Varicocele
Reproductive system pathology review
Benign breast conditions: Pathology review
Breast cancer: Pathology review
Cervical cancer: Pathology review
Complications during pregnancy: Pathology review
Congenital TORCH infections: Pathology review
Disorders of sex chromosomes: Pathology review
Disorders of sexual development and sex hormones: Pathology review
HIV and AIDS: Pathology review
Ovarian cysts and tumors: Pathology review
Penile conditions: Pathology review
Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Vaginitis and cervicitis: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Warts and ulcers: Pathology review
Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review
Testicular tumors: Pathology review
Uterine disorders: Pathology review
Vaginal and vulvar disorders: Pathology review
Assessments
Kallmann syndrome
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Kallmann syndrome
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External References
First Aid
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Kallmann syndrome p. NaN
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Kallmann syndrome p. NaN
Hypogonadism
Kallmann syndrome p. 663
Infertility
Kallmann syndrome p. 663
Kallmann syndrome p. 513, 663
Puberty
Kallmann syndrome and p. 663
Transcript
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Kallmann syndrome is an endocrine disorder caused by a decrease in sex hormones, either testosterone in males or estrogen and progesterone in females. That decrease leads to a failure to start or complete puberty.
The syndrome is named after Dr. Franz Kallmann, the geneticist who first described it.
Normally, during fetal development there’s a region of the brain called the olfactory placode. Two groups of neurons emerge from that region.
The first group contains olfactory neurons that eventually help with sensing smells.
These neurons migrate down from the olfactory placode and get embedded in the cribriform plate, which is a bone plate that separates the nasal cavity from the brain, forming the olfactory bulb.
The second group contains neurons that release gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
And these neurons migrate through the cribriform plate, and settle in the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is a system of hormone signaling between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads, either the testes or ovaries, to control sexual development and reproduction.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is released into the hypophyseal portal system, which is a network of capillaries connecting the hypothalamus to the hypophysis, or pituitary.
When gonadotropin-releasing hormone reaches the pituitary gland, it stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary, called gonadotrophs, to release gonadotropin hormones, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone into the blood.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Harrison's Endocrinology, 4E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2016)
- "Clinical Genetic Testing for Kallmann Syndrome" The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2013)
- "Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Kallmann Syndrome: Past, Present, and Future" Endocrinology and Metabolism (2015)
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