Klinefelter syndrome
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Klinefelter syndrome
Reproductive system
Female reproductive system disorders
Amenorrhea
Breast cancer
Fibrocystic breast changes
Intraductal papilloma
Mastitis
Paget disease of the breast
Phyllodes tumor
Intrauterine growth restriction
Oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios
Potter sequence
Postpartum hemorrhage
Preterm labor
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Urethritis
Ectopic pregnancy
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Miscarriage
Germ cell ovarian tumor
Krukenberg tumor
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian torsion
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Premature ovarian failure
Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor
Surface epithelial-stromal tumor
Chorioamnionitis
Congenital cytomegalovirus (NORD)
Congenital rubella syndrome
Congenital syphilis
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Neonatal herpes simplex
Neonatal meningitis
Neonatal sepsis
Cervical incompetence
Gestational diabetes
Gestational hypertension
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Placenta accreta
Placenta previa
Placental abruption
Preeclampsia & eclampsia
Female sexual interest and arousal disorder
Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder
Orgasmic dysfunction
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Cervical cancer
Choriocarcinoma
Endometrial cancer
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometriosis
Endometritis
Uterine fibroid
Male and female reproductive system disorders
Delayed puberty
Precocious puberty
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Kallmann syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Male reproductive system disorders
Bladder exstrophy
Hypospadias and epispadias
Penile cancer
Priapism
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostate cancer
Prostatitis
Erectile dysfunction
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Cryptorchidism
Epididymitis
Inguinal hernia
Orchitis
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
Varicocele
Reproductive system pathology review
Benign breast conditions: Pathology review
Breast cancer: Pathology review
Cervical cancer: Pathology review
Complications during pregnancy: Pathology review
Congenital TORCH infections: Pathology review
Disorders of sex chromosomes: Pathology review
Disorders of sexual development and sex hormones: Pathology review
HIV and AIDS: Pathology review
Ovarian cysts and tumors: Pathology review
Penile conditions: Pathology review
Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Vaginitis and cervicitis: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Warts and ulcers: Pathology review
Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review
Testicular tumors: Pathology review
Uterine disorders: Pathology review
Vaginal and vulvar disorders: Pathology review
Assessments
Klinefelter syndrome
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Klinefelter syndrome
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First Aid
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2016
Estrogen p. 654, 680
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Gynecomastia p. 673
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Hypogonadism
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Infertility
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Inhibin
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
chromosome association p. 62
gynecomastia p. 673
testicular tumors p. 676
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Testosterone p. 652, 682
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Transcript
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Klinefelter syndrome, named after Dr. Harry Klinefelter who first identified it, is a chromosomal problem where a person with an XY genotype - biologically a male - inherits at least one extra X-chromosome, and sometimes a few extra ones.
Having an extra X chromosome makes the testicular cells generate less testosterone, which is the hormone responsible for primary sex characteristics like development of the sex organs as well as secondary sex characteristics like height and body shape.
It’s worth mentioning up front, that we’re using the term male here, rather than boy or man, to talk about the biological category of a person’s sex rather than a person’s gender identity.
Now, in puberty, in both males and females, the hypothalamus starts to release more gonadotropin releasing hormone, which gets the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
In males, these hormones affect the Leydig cells and the Sertoli cells.
The Leydig cells are in the interstitium of the testes, and in response to luteinizing hormone they convert cholesterol into testosterone.
The testosterone along with follicle-stimulating hormone, then stimulate Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes to make more sperm.
To main balance or homeostasis, testosterone reduces gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone, and Sertoli cells release the hormone inhibin which inhibits release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
In Klinefelter syndrome, this hormone balance is altered.
The extra X-chromosome interrupts the normal function of the Sertoli and Leydig cells.
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