Klinefelter syndrome
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Klinefelter syndrome
Reproductive system
Male and female reproductive system disorders
Precocious puberty
Delayed puberty
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Kallmann syndrome
Male reproductive system disorders
Hypospadias and epispadias
Bladder exstrophy
Priapism
Penile cancer
Prostatitis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostate cancer
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal hernia
Varicocele
Epididymitis
Orchitis
Testicular torsion
Testicular cancer
Erectile dysfunction
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Female reproductive system disorders
Amenorrhea
Ovarian cyst
Premature ovarian failure
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Ovarian torsion
Krukenberg tumor
Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor
Surface epithelial-stromal tumor
Germ cell ovarian tumor
Uterine fibroid
Endometriosis
Endometritis
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial cancer
Choriocarcinoma
Cervical cancer
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Urethritis
Female sexual interest and arousal disorder
Orgasmic dysfunction
Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder
Mastitis
Fibrocystic breast changes
Intraductal papilloma
Phyllodes tumor
Paget disease of the breast
Breast cancer
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Gestational hypertension
Preeclampsia & eclampsia
Gestational diabetes
Cervical incompetence
Placenta previa
Placenta accreta
Placental abruption
Oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios
Potter sequence
Intrauterine growth restriction
Preterm labor
Postpartum hemorrhage
Chorioamnionitis
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Congenital cytomegalovirus (NORD)
Congenital syphilis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Neonatal herpes simplex
Congenital rubella syndrome
Neonatal sepsis
Neonatal meningitis
Miscarriage
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Ectopic pregnancy
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Reproductive system pathology review
Disorders of sex chromosomes: Pathology review
Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review
Testicular tumors: Pathology review
Uterine disorders: Pathology review
Ovarian cysts and tumors: Pathology review
Cervical cancer: Pathology review
Vaginal and vulvar disorders: Pathology review
Benign breast conditions: Pathology review
Breast cancer: Pathology review
Complications during pregnancy: Pathology review
Congenital TORCH infections: Pathology review
Disorders of sexual development and sex hormones: Pathology review
Amenorrhea: Pathology Review
Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Warts and ulcers: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Vaginitis and cervicitis: Pathology review
HIV and AIDS: Pathology review
Penile conditions: Pathology review
Assessments
Klinefelter syndrome
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Klinefelter syndrome
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First Aid
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Estrogen p. 654, 680
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Gynecomastia p. 673
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Hypogonadism
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Infertility
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Inhibin
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
chromosome association p. 62
gynecomastia p. 673
testicular tumors p. 676
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
Testosterone p. 652, 682
Klinefelter syndrome p. 661
External Links
Transcript
Content Reviewers
Rishi Desai, MD, MPHContributors
Tanner Marshall, MS
Klinefelter syndrome, named after Dr. Harry Klinefelter who first identified it, is a chromosomal problem where a person with an XY genotype - biologically a male - inherits at least one extra X-chromosome, and sometimes a few extra ones.
Having an extra X chromosome makes the testicular cells generate less testosterone, which is the hormone responsible for primary sex characteristics like development of the sex organs as well as secondary sex characteristics like height and body shape.
It’s worth mentioning up front, that we’re using the term male here, rather than boy or man, to talk about the biological category of a person’s sex rather than a person’s gender identity.
Now, in puberty, in both males and females, the hypothalamus starts to release more gonadotropin releasing hormone, which gets the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
In males, these hormones affect the Leydig cells and the Sertoli cells.
The Leydig cells are in the interstitium of the testes, and in response to luteinizing hormone they convert cholesterol into testosterone.
The testosterone along with follicle-stimulating hormone, then stimulate Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes to make more sperm.
To main balance or homeostasis, testosterone reduces gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone, and Sertoli cells release the hormone inhibin which inhibits release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
In Klinefelter syndrome, this hormone balance is altered.
The extra X-chromosome interrupts the normal function of the Sertoli and Leydig cells.
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