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Laryngomalacia

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Pathology

Eyes, ears, nose and throat

Eye disorders

Color blindness

Cortical blindness

Homonymous hemianopsia

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Retinal detachment

Age-related macular degeneration

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinopathy of prematurity

Periorbital cellulitis

Orbital cellulitis

Hordeolum (stye)

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Ear disorders

Conductive hearing loss

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Tympanic membrane perforation

Vestibular disorders

Ménière disease

Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)

Nasal and nasopharyngeal disorders

Choanal atresia

Allergic rhinitis

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Oral cavity and oropharyngeal disorders

Aphthous ulcers

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Zenker diverticulum

Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses

Esophageal cancer

Laryngeal disorders

Bacterial epiglottitis

Thyroid and parathyroid gland disorders

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Eyes, ears, nose and throat pathology review

Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review

Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review

Vertigo: Pathology review

Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review

Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review

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Laryngomalacia

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High Yield Notes

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Chapter 134 Upper Respiratory Tract Congenital Malformations Figure 134.1 A CT scan of the head in the axial plane demonstrating membranous atresia of the right choana. Figure 134.2 A CT scan of the head in the axial plane demonstrating bilateral osseous choanal atresia. TREATMENT ▪ Temporarily: oral airway placement; place infant prone SURGERY ▪ Deﬁnitive: surgical correction of the atresia LARYNGOMALACIA osms.it/laryngomalacia laryngeal muscle tone PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Congenital malformation of the larynx where the aryepiglottic folds are shorter than normal ▪ Short aryepiglottic folds cause folding of epiglottis in a characteristic omega shape that prolapses during inspiration ▪ Arytenoid cartilages are enlarged and softer than normal, so they ﬂop into the airway ▪ Most common cause of congenital stridor and most common congenital lesion of the larynx ▪ Cause is unknown; associated with weak COMPLICATIONS ▪ Impaired growth and development caused by hypoventilation (hypoxemia) ▪ Associated with gastroesophageal reﬂux ▪ Swallowing dysfunction and choking SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ High-pitched stridor Noisy respirations Breathing difﬁculties Gastroesophageal reﬂux OSMOSIS.ORG 957

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Laryngomalacia

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