Lewy body dementia
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Lewy body dementia
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Lewy body dementia is a type of dementia, where individuals lose their memory and have difficulty learning new information.
Lewy bodies refers to protein deposits found inside neurons, and they’re named after Frederic Lewy, the neurologist who discovered them.
Lewy body dementia is a neurodegenerative disease, meaning that it worsens over time, and it’s the disease that afflicted comedian and actor Robin Williams.
The brain is made up of billions of neurons that communicate with each other by releasing neurotransmitters.
Most neurons in the cerebral cortex are called cholinergic neurons because they produce acetylcholine.
In contrast, neurons in a section of the midbrain called the substantia nigra are in charge of initiating movement and other motor functions.
These neurons are called dopaminergic because they produce dopamine.
The underlying cause of Lewy body dementia isn’t well understood.
Normally, neurons contain a protein called alpha synuclein, and in Lewy body dementia, this protein gets misfolded within the neurons.
The misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates to form Lewy bodies that deposit inside neurons, particularly in the cortex and the substantia nigra.
Under a microscope, Lewy bodies look like dark, eosinophilic inclusions inside the affected neurons.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Neuroimaging in Lewy body dementia" Journal of Neurology (2018)
- "Lewy body dementias" The Lancet (2015)
- "Dysfunctional brain dynamics and their origin in Lewy body dementia" Brain (2019)
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