Lupus nephritis
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Lupus nephritis
Renal system
Renal and ureteral disorders
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Acute tubular necrosis
Postrenal azotemia
Prerenal azotemia
Renal azotemia
Horseshoe kidney
Potter sequence
Renal agenesis
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypernatremia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
Hydronephrosis
Kidney stones
Renal cortical necrosis
Renal papillary necrosis
Alport syndrome
Goodpasture syndrome
IgA nephropathy (NORD)
Lupus nephritis
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Amyloidosis
Diabetic nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (NORD)
Lupus nephritis
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Membranous nephropathy
Minimal change disease
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Medullary cystic kidney disease
Medullary sponge kidney
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Polycystic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease
Renal tubular acidosis
Angiomyolipoma
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)
Renal cell carcinoma
WAGR syndrome
Renal artery stenosis
Renal system pathology review
Acid-base disturbances: Pathology review
Congenital renal disorders: Pathology review
Electrolyte disturbances: Pathology review
Kidney stones: Pathology review
Nephritic syndromes: Pathology review
Nephrotic syndromes: Pathology review
Renal and urinary tract masses: Pathology review
Renal failure: Pathology review
Renal tubular acidosis: Pathology review
Renal tubular defects: Pathology review
Urinary incontinence: Pathology review
Urinary tract infections: Pathology review
Assessments
Lupus nephritis
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Lupus nephritis
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After further workup, renal biopsy is performed (shown below).
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Which of the following additional findings is most likely to be present in this patient?
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The term ‘lupus’ refers to systemic lupus erythematosus, ‘nephritis’ refers to the ‘nephron,’ the Greek word for kidney, and ‘itis’ means inflammation, so lupus nephritis refers to inflammation of the kidney that results from having systemic lupus erythematosus.
Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, lungs, heart, central nervous system, and, of course, the kidneys.
In fact, about half of all individuals with lupus develop some form of lupus nephritis.
In lupus, what happens is that some cells have their DNA so badly damaged, that the cell undergoes programmed cell death, or apoptosis, and it dies. This produces all these little apoptotic bodies, and exposes the insides of the cell, including parts of the nucleus, like DNA, histones, and other proteins, to the rest of the body.
Now in lupus the immune system is more likely to think that cellular parts are foreign, or antigens, and since they’re from the nucleus, their referred to as nuclear antigens, and immune cells try to attack them.
Not only that though, individuals with lupus have less effective clearance, essentially they aren’t as good at getting rid of the apoptotic bodies and so they end up having more nuclear antigens floating around.
So as a result of all of this, B cells start producing antibodies against these pieces of nucleus, which are called antinuclear antibodies.
These antinuclear antibodies bind to nuclear antigens, forming antigen-antibody complexes, which drift away in the blood and deposit in various places including the kidneys.
These immune complexes can then initiate an inflammatory reaction, which is known as a type III hypersensitivity reaction.
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