Meningitis
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Meningitis
Pathology
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Nervous system pathology review
Adult brain tumors: Pathology review
Central nervous system infections: Pathology review
Cerebral vascular disease: Pathology review
Congenital neurological disorders: Pathology review
Dementia: Pathology review
Demyelinating disorders: Pathology review
Headaches: Pathology review
Movement disorders: Pathology review
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Pediatric brain tumors: Pathology review
Seizures: Pathology review
Spinal cord disorders: Pathology review
Traumatic brain injury: Pathology review
Assessments
Meningitis
Flashcards
0 / 27 complete
USMLE® Step 1 questions
0 / 10 complete
High Yield Notes
13 pages
Flashcards
Meningitis
of complete
Questions
USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
of complete
| Cerebrospinal fluid | |
| Opening pressure | 300 mm H2O |
| Protein | 130 mg/dL |
| Glucose | 20 mg/dL |
| RBCs | Numerous |
| WBC count | 1500/µL with polymorphonuclear predominance |
| Neutrophils | 80% |
Gram stain of the CSF is negative. Head imaging results are nonspecific. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
External References
First Aid
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Ampicillin
meningitis p. 177
Ceftriaxone
meningitis p. 177
Cryptococcus spp.
meningitis p. 177
Enterovirus meningitis p. 177
Escherichia coli p. , 143
meningitis p. 177, 727
Haemophilus influenzae type B
meningitis p. 177
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
meningitis caused by p. 177
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) p. 172
meningitis p. 177
Listeria spp.
meningitis p. 177
Meningitis
ceftriaxone p. 186
chloramphenicol p. 189
coccidioidomycosis p. 149
common causes p. 177
Cryptococcus neoformans p. , 150
CSF findings in p. 177
fluconazole p. 196
flucytosine p. 196
Haemophilus influenzae p. , 140
headaches with p. 536
HIV-positive adults p. 174
Listeria monocytogenes p. , 137
meningococci p. 140
mumps as cause p. 167
in neonates p. 181
rifamycin prophylaxis p. 193
Streptococcus pneumoniae p. , 134
Streptococcus agalactiae p. , 135
tuberculosis p. 138
unvaccinated children p. 183
Myalgias
meningitis p. 183
Neisseria meningitidis
meningitis p. 177
Neonates
meningitis in p. 137, 181
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) p. 135
meningitis p. 177
Streptococcus pneumoniae p. , 134
bacterial meningitis p. 727
meningitis p. 177
Vancomycin p. 187
meningitis p. 177
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) p. 161, 487, 491
meningitis p. 177
Transcript
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With meningitis, mening- refers to the meninges which are three protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, and -itis refers to inflammation; so meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges.
More specifically, it refers to the inflammation of the two inner layers which are called the leptomeninges.
The outer layer of the meninges is the dura mater, the middle layer is the arachnoid mater, and the inner layer is the pia mater.
These last two, the arachnoid and pia maters, are the leptomeninges.
Between the leptomeninges there’s the subarachnoid space, which houses cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF.
CSF is a clear, watery liquid which is pumped around the spinal cord and brain, cushioning them from impact and bathing them in nutrients.
In one microliter or cubic millimeter, there are normally a few white blood cells, up to 5.
If we look at a bigger sample, like say a decilitre, then around 70% of those will be lymphocytes, 30% monocytes, and just a few polymorphonuclear cells -- PMNs -- like neutrophils.
That same volume will contain some proteins, as well, about 15-50 mg as well as some glucose, about 45-100 mg, which is close to two thirds of the glucose we’d find in the same volume of blood.
The CSF is held under a little bit of pressure, below 200 mm of H2O, which is just under 15 mm of mercury -- which is less than a fifth of the mean arterial pressure.
Now at any given moment, there’s about 150 ml of CSF in the body.
Sources
- "Robbins Basic Pathology" Elsevier (2017)
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Twentieth Edition (Vol.1 & Vol.2)" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine 8E" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2018)
- "CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020" McGraw-Hill Education / Medical (2019)
- "Bacterial meningitis in children" The Lancet (2003)
- "Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis" Clinical Infectious Diseases (2004)
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