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Anemia: Clinical (To be retired)
Microcytic anemia: Pathology review
Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review
Leukemia: Clinical (To be retired)
Lymphoma: Clinical (To be retired)
Thrombocytopenia: Clinical (To be retired)
Bleeding disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Thrombophilia: Clinical (To be retired)
Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Clinical (To be retired)
Plasma cell disorders: Clinical (To be retired)
Blood products and transfusion: Clinical (To be retired)
Anticoagulants: Heparin
Anticoagulants: Warfarin
Anticoagulants: Direct factor inhibitors
Antiplatelet medications
Thrombolytics
Hematopoietic medications
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Platinum containing medications
Anti-tumor antibiotics
Microtubule inhibitors
DNA alkylating medications
Endocrine system anatomy and physiology
Risk factors for periodontitis
Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Diabetes mellitus: Clinical (To be retired)
Hyperthyroidism: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis: Clinical (To be retired)
Parathyroid conditions and calcium imbalance: Clinical (To be retired)
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Clinical (To be retired)
Pituitary adenomas and pituitary hyperfunction: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypopituitarism: Clinical (To be retired)
Cushing syndrome: Clinical (To be retired)
Adrenal masses and tumors: Clinical (To be retired)
MEN syndromes: Clinical (To be retired)
Hyperthyroidism medications
Hypothyroidism medications
Insulins
Hypoglycemics: Insulin secretagogues
Miscellaneous hypoglycemics
Adrenal hormone synthesis inhibitors
Mineralocorticoids and mineralocorticoid antagonists
Glucocorticoids
HIV (AIDS)
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Chronic kidney disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Clinical (To be retired)
Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review
Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Heart failure: Clinical (To be retired)
Syncope: Clinical (To be retired)
Pericardial disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Infective endocarditis: Clinical (To be retired)
Valvular heart disease: Clinical (To be retired)
Cardiomyopathies: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypertension: Clinical (To be retired)
Hypercholesterolemia: Clinical (To be retired)
Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists
Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
cGMP mediated smooth muscle vasodilators
Class I antiarrhythmics: Sodium channel blockers
Class II antiarrhythmics: Beta blockers
Class III antiarrhythmics: Potassium channel blockers
Class IV antiarrhythmics: Calcium channel blockers and others
Lipid-lowering medications: Statins
Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates
Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications
Positive inotropic medications
Loop diuretics
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Clinical (To be retired)
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
Cushing syndrome
Conn syndrome
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
Thyroid eye disease (NORD)
Toxic multinodular goiter
Thyroid storm
Hypothyroidism
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
Riedel thyroiditis
Thyroid cancer
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperpituitarism
Pituitary adenoma
Hyperprolactinemia
Prolactinoma
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary apoplexy
Sheehan syndrome
Hypoprolactinemia
Constitutional growth delay
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Precocious puberty
Delayed puberty
Premature ovarian failure
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Kallmann syndrome
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (NORD)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system: Pathology review
Pheochromocytoma
Neuroblastoma
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (NORD)
Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review
Adrenal masses: Pathology review
Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review
Hypothyroidism: Pathology review
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review
Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Pathology review
Pituitary tumors: Pathology review
Hypopituitarism: Pathology review
Diabetes insipidus and SIADH: Pathology review
Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Pathology review
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Hypertension
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Raynaud phenomenon
Nephritic syndromes: Pathology review
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Rett syndrome
Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review
Sarcoidosis
Parkinson disease
Cranial nerves
Spina bifida
Chiari malformation
Dandy-Walker malformation
Syringomyelia
Tethered spinal cord syndrome
Aqueductal stenosis
Septo-optic dysplasia
Cerebral palsy
Spinocerebellar ataxia (NORD)
Transient ischemic attack
Ischemic stroke
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Saccular aneurysm
Arteriovenous malformation
Broca aphasia
Wernicke aphasia
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Concussion and traumatic brain injury
Shaken baby syndrome
Epilepsy
Febrile seizure
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (NORD)
Tension headache
Cluster headache
Migraine
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Trigeminal neuralgia
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Alzheimer disease
Vascular dementia
Frontotemporal dementia
Lewy body dementia
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Torticollis
Essential tremor
Restless legs syndrome
Parkinson disease
Huntington disease
Multiple sclerosis
Central pontine myelinolysis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Transverse myelitis
JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
Adult brain tumors
Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)
Pediatric brain tumors
Brain herniation
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Friedreich ataxia
Neurogenic bladder
Meningitis
Neonatal meningitis
Encephalitis
Brain abscess
Epidural abscess
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis
von Hippel-Lindau disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Spinal muscular atrophy
Poliovirus
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Bell palsy
Winged scapula
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Ulnar claw
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
Sciatica
Myasthenia gravis
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Orthostatic hypotension
Horner syndrome
Congenital neurological disorders: Pathology review
Headaches: Pathology review
Seizures: Pathology review
Cerebral vascular disease: Pathology review
Traumatic brain injury: Pathology review
Spinal cord disorders: Pathology review
Dementia: Pathology review
Central nervous system infections: Pathology review
Movement disorders: Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review
Demyelinating disorders: Pathology review
Adult brain tumors: Pathology review
Pediatric brain tumors: Pathology review
Neurocutaneous disorders: Pathology review
Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications
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Ursula Florjanczyk, MScBMC
Sam Gillespie, BSc
Tanner Marshall, MS
Lipid-lowering medications work to decrease levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the body.
Several medications fall outside the more commonly used classes like statins and fibrates, so in this video, we're going to discuss the bile acid resins, niacin or vitamin B3, ezetimibe, and the PCSK9 inhibitors.
Although it’s got a bad reputation, cholesterol is actually a critical component of our cells and is used to build the cell membrane.
It also has other uses like the synthesis of: steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile.
Normally, we get our cholesterol from the food we eat, but it can also be synthesized by the liver.
So when we eat a box of chili fries, the fats and cholesterol are absorbed in the small intestine.
However, they’re not water soluble, so they can’t travel freely in the blood.
To fix this, our body makes shipping boxes called lipoproteins.
These containers consist of a shell made of phospholipids and protein tags that act as instructions for their destination.
So after absorption, the small intestinal cells package the fats and cholesterol into the largest but least dense lipoproteins, called chylomicrons.
These are released into the lymphatic system and then enter the bloodstream via the subclavian vein. Then they travel through the blood to reach adipose tissue and the liver.
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