Naegleria fowleri (Primary amebic meningoencephalitis)

Naegleria fowleri (Primary amebic meningoencephalitis)

End of Rotation™ exam review

Cardiovascular

Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart
Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Valvular heart disease: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Cardiovascular disease screening: Clinical sciences
Carotid artery stenosis screening: Clinical sciences
Acute coronary syndrome: Clinical sciences
Acute limb ischemia: Clinical sciences
Acute mesenteric ischemia: Clinical sciences
Aortic stenosis: Clinical sciences
Approach to bradycardia: Clinical sciences
Approach to chest pain: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypertension: Clinical sciences
Approach to non-healing wounds: Clinical sciences
Approach to tachycardia: Clinical sciences
Approach to vasculitis: Clinical sciences
Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: Clinical sciences
Atrioventricular block: Clinical sciences
Chronic mesenteric ischemia: Clinical sciences
Congestive heart failure: Clinical sciences
Coronary artery disease: Clinical sciences
Deep vein thrombosis: Clinical sciences
Dyslipidemia: Clinical sciences
Essential hypertension: Clinical sciences
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Clinical sciences
Infectious endocarditis: Clinical sciences
Ischemic colitis: Clinical sciences
Mitral stenosis: Clinical sciences
Myocarditis: Clinical sciences
Pericarditis: Clinical sciences
Peripheral arterial disease and ulcers: Clinical sciences
Pulmonary embolism: Clinical sciences
Supraventricular tachycardia: Clinical sciences
Valvular insufficiency (regurgitation): Clinical sciences
Venous insufficiency and ulcers: Clinical sciences
Ventricular tachycardia: Clinical sciences
ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Adrenergic antagonists: Beta blockers
Adrenergic antagonists: Presynaptic
Calcium channel blockers
Cholinomimetics: Direct agonists
Cholinomimetics: Indirect agonists (anticholinesterases)
Class I antiarrhythmics: Sodium channel blockers
Class II antiarrhythmics: Beta blockers
Class III antiarrhythmics: Potassium channel blockers
Class IV antiarrhythmics: Calcium channel blockers and others
Lipid-lowering medications: Fibrates
Lipid-lowering medications: Statins
Miscellaneous lipid-lowering medications
Muscarinic antagonists
Positive inotropic medications
Sympatholytics: Alpha-2 agonists
Sympathomimetics: Direct agonists
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Critical care

Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review
Seizures: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Traumatic brain injury: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Acute coronary syndrome: Clinical sciences
Adrenal insufficiency: Clinical sciences
Airway obstruction: Clinical sciences
Anaphylaxis: Clinical sciences
Approach to altered mental status: Clinical sciences
Approach to bradycardia: Clinical sciences
Approach to chest pain: Clinical sciences
Approach to dyspnea: Clinical sciences
Approach to hematochezia: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypertension: Clinical sciences
Approach to hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypoglycemia: Clinical sciences
Approach to melena and hematemesis: Clinical sciences
Approach to pneumoperitoneum and peritonitis (perforated viscus): Clinical sciences
Approach to shock: Clinical sciences
Approach to tachycardia: Clinical sciences
Atrioventricular block: Clinical sciences
Brain death: Clinical sciences
Cardiac tamponade: Clinical sciences
Congestive heart failure: Clinical sciences
Approach to convulsive status epilepticus: Clinical sciences
Diabetic ketoacidosis: Clinical sciences
Glaucoma: Clinical sciences
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: Clinical sciences
Hypovolemic shock: Clinical sciences
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS): Clinical sciences
Neurogenic shock: Clinical sciences
Pneumothorax: Clinical sciences
Pulmonary embolism: Clinical sciences
Right heart failure (cor pulmonale): Clinical sciences
Sepsis: Clinical sciences
Supraventricular tachycardia: Clinical sciences
Toxic shock syndrome: Clinical sciences
Ventricular tachycardia: Clinical sciences

Endocrinology

Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review
Adrenal masses: Pathology review
Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Pathology review
Diabetes insipidus and SIADH: Pathology review
Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review
Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review
Hypopituitarism: Pathology review
Hypothyroidism: Pathology review
Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Pathology review
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system: Pathology review
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
Pituitary tumors: Pathology review
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Adrenal insufficiency: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypercalcemia: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypernatremia: Clinical sciences
Approach to hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypocalcemia: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypoglycemia: Clinical sciences
Approach to hyponatremia: Clinical sciences
Approach to hypothyroidism: Clinical sciences
Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Clinical sciences
Diabetes insipidus: Clinical sciences
Diabetes mellitus (Type 1): Clinical sciences
Diabetes mellitus (Type 2): Clinical sciences
Diabetic ketoacidosis: Clinical sciences
Graves disease: Clinical Sciences
Hashimoto thyroiditis: Clinical sciences
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: Clinical sciences
Hyperparathyroidism: Clinical sciences
Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Clinical sciences
Pheochromocytoma: Clinical sciences
Primary aldosteronism (hyperaldosteronism): Clinical sciences
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: Clinical sciences
Thyroid carcinoma: Clinical sciences
Thyroid nodules: Clinical sciences
Adrenal hormone synthesis inhibitors
Glucocorticoids
Hyperthyroidism medications
Hypoglycemics: Insulin secretagogues
Hypothyroidism medications
Insulins
Mineralocorticoids and mineralocorticoid antagonists
Miscellaneous hypoglycemics

Gastrointestinal and nutritional

Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Inguinal region
Anatomy clinical correlates: Peritoneum and diaphragm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the gastrointestinal tract
Anatomy clinical correlates: Other abdominal organs
Appendicitis: Pathology review
Bone disorders: Pathology review
Cirrhosis: Pathology review
Colorectal polyps and cancer: Pathology review
Congenital gastrointestinal disorders: Pathology review
Disorders of amino acid metabolism: Pathology review
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: Pathology review
Diverticular disease: Pathology review
Environmental and chemical toxicities: Pathology review
Esophageal disorders: Pathology review
Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: Pathology review
Gallbladder disorders: Pathology review
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Pathology review
GERD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer: Pathology review
Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathology review
Jaundice: Pathology review
Malabsorption syndromes: Pathology review
Medication overdoses and toxicities: Pathology review
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system: Pathology review
Pancreatitis: Pathology review
Viral hepatitis: Pathology review
Water-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: B1-B7: Pathology review
Water-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: B9, B12 and vitamin C: Pathology review
Zinc deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition: Pathology review
Colorectal cancer screening: Clinical sciences
Acute pancreatitis: Clinical sciences
Gastroesophageal varices: Clinical sciences
Approach to hepatic masses: Clinical sciences
Alcohol-induced hepatitis: Clinical sciences
Approach to jaundice (conjugated hyperbilirubinemia): Clinical sciences
Hemochromatosis: Clinical sciences
Hemorrhoids: Clinical sciences
Anal cancer: Clinical sciences
Approach to perianal problems: Clinical sciences
Anal fissure: Clinical sciences
Hepatitis A and E: Clinical sciences
Celiac disease: Clinical sciences
Approach to biliary colic: Clinical sciences
Cholecystitis: Clinical sciences
Hepatitis B: Clinical sciences
Choledocholithiasis and cholangitis: Clinical sciences
Hepatitis C: Clinical sciences
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical sciences
Chronic pancreatitis: Clinical sciences
Infectious gastroenteritis: Clinical sciences
Cirrhosis: Clinical sciences
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease): Clinical sciences
Colorectal cancer: Clinical sciences
Diverticulitis: Clinical sciences
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis): Clinical sciences
Irritable bowel syndrome: Clinical sciences
Esophagitis: Clinical sciences
Gastric cancer: Clinical sciences
Mallory-Weiss syndrome: Clinical sciences
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Clinical sciences
Paraesophageal and hiatal hernia: Clinical sciences
Peptic ulcer disease: Clinical sciences
Perianal abscess and fistula: Clinical sciences
Acid reducing medications
Antidiarrheals
Laxatives and cathartics

Hematology

Blood transfusion reactions and transplant rejection: Pathology review
Coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Leukemias: Pathology review
Lymphomas: Pathology review
Macrocytic anemia: Pathology review
Microcytic anemia: Pathology review
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders: Pathology review
Myeloproliferative disorders: Pathology review
Non-hemolytic normocytic anemia: Pathology review
Plasma cell disorders: Pathology review
Platelet disorders: Pathology review
Thrombosis syndromes (hypercoagulability): Pathology review
Approach to anemia (destruction and sequestration): Clinical sciences
Approach to anemia (underproduction): Clinical sciences
Approach to bleeding disorders (coagulopathy): Clinical sciences
Approach to bleeding disorders (platelet dysfunction): Clinical sciences
Approach to bleeding disorders (thrombocytopenia): Clinical sciences
Approach to hypercoagulable disorders: Clinical sciences
Approach to leukemia: Clinical sciences
Approach to lymphoma: Clinical sciences
Approach to myeloproliferative neoplasms: Clinical sciences
Approach to primary immunodeficiencies: Clinical sciences
Immune thrombocytopenia: Clinical sciences
Iron deficiency anemia: Clinical sciences
Multiple myeloma: Clinical sciences
Sickle cell disease: Clinical sciences
Vitamin B12 deficiency: Clinical sciences
Anticoagulants: Direct factor inhibitors
Anticoagulants: Heparin
Anticoagulants: Warfarin
Antiplatelet medications
Hematopoietic medications
Thrombolytics

Infectious disease

Acanthamoeba
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Angiostrongylus (Eosinophilic meningitis)
Anisakis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Babesia
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Candida
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Clonorchis sinensis
Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium
Cytomegalovirus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid disease)
Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)
Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)
Giardia lamblia
Guinea worm (Dracunculiasis)
Herpes simplex virus
Histoplasmosis
HIV (AIDS)
Influenza virus
Leishmania
Loa loa (Eye worm)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
Naegleria fowleri (Primary amebic meningoencephalitis)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Onchocerca volvulus (River blindness)
Paragonimus westermani
Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis (Lice)
Plasmodium species (Malaria)
Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystis pneumonia)
Rabies virus
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species
Salmonella (non-typhoidal)
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)
Schistosomes
Shigella
Strongyloides stercoralis
Toxocara canis (Visceral larva migrans)
Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Trichinella spiralis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
Varicella zoster virus
Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)
Wuchereria bancrofti (Lymphatic filariasis)
Bacterial and viral skin infections: Pathology review
Central nervous system infections: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Pneumonia: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Vaginitis and cervicitis: Pathology review
Sexually transmitted infections: Warts and ulcers: Pathology review
Shock: Pathology review
Urinary tract infections: Pathology review
Approach to a fever: Clinical sciences
Approach to a fever in the returned traveler: Clinical sciences
Approach to a postoperative fever: Clinical sciences
Approach to nosocomial infections: Clinical sciences
Central line-associated bloodstream infection: Clinical sciences
Clostridioides difficile infection: Clinical sciences
COVID-19: Clinical sciences
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19, varicella zoster, and toxoplasmosis infection in pregnancy: Clinical sciences
Febrile neutropenia: Clinical sciences
Herpes zoster infection (shingles): Clinical sciences
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Clinical sciences
Infectious gastroenteritis: Clinical sciences
Influenza: Clinical sciences
Lyme disease: Clinical sciences
Sepsis: Clinical sciences
Tuberculosis (extrapulmonary and latent): Clinical sciences
Tuberculosis (pulmonary): Clinical sciences
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Clinical sciences
Chlamydia trachomatis infection: Clinical sciences
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection: Clinical sciences
Anthelmintic medications
Anti-mite and louse medications
Antimalarials
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Antituberculosis medications
Azoles
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
Echinocandins
Hepatitis medications
Herpesvirus medications
Integrase and entry inhibitors
Miscellaneous antifungal medications
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Protease inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines

Neurology

Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebral hemispheres
Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebellum and brainstem
Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior blood supply to the brain
Anatomy clinical correlates: Posterior blood supply to the brain
Anatomy clinical correlates: Olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Spinal cord pathways
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vertebral canal
Adult brain tumors: Pathology review
Amnesia, dissociative disorders and delirium: Pathology review
Central nervous system infections: Pathology review
Cerebral vascular disease: Pathology review
Delirium: Clinical sciences
Dementia: Pathology review
Demyelinating disorders: Pathology review
Headaches: Pathology review
Movement disorders: Pathology review
Neuromuscular junction disorders: Pathology review
Pediatric brain tumors: Pathology review
Seizures: Pathology review
Traumatic brain injury: Pathology review
Carotid artery stenosis screening: Clinical sciences
Acute stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) or TIA: Clinical sciences
Alzheimer disease: Clinical sciences
Approach to altered mental status: Clinical sciences
Approach to convulsive status epilepticus: Clinical sciences
Approach to differentiating lesions (brainstem): Clinical sciences
Approach to differentiating lesions (cerebellum): Clinical sciences
Approach to differentiating lesions (cerebral cortical and subcortical structures): Clinical sciences
Approach to differentiating lesions (motor neuron): Clinical sciences
Approach to differentiating lesions (muscle): Clinical sciences
Approach to differentiating lesions (nerve root, plexus, and peripheral nerve): Clinical sciences
Approach to differentiating lesions (spinal cord): Clinical sciences
Approach to dysarthria or dysphagia: Clinical sciences
Approach to encephalopathy (acute and subacute): Clinical sciences
Approach to facial palsy: Clinical sciences
Approach to polyneuropathy: Clinical sciences
Approach to syncope: Clinical sciences
Approach to tremor: Clinical sciences
Approach to weakness (focal and generalized): Clinical sciences
Delirium: Clinical sciences
Meningitis and brain abscess: Clinical sciences
Multiple sclerosis: Clinical sciences
Myasthenia gravis: Clinical sciences
Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: Clinical sciences
Temporal arteritis: Clinical sciences
Anti-parkinson medications
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Antiplatelet medications
General anesthetics
Local anesthetics
Medications for neurodegenerative diseases
Migraine medications
Neuromuscular blockers
Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants
Osmotic diuretics
Thrombolytics

Orthopedics and rheumatology

Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Axilla
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, fascia and muscles of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back
Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder
Anatomy clinical correlates: Foot
Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh
Anatomy clinical correlates: Knee
Anatomy clinical correlates: Leg and ankle
Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand
Back pain: Pathology review
Bone disorders: Pathology review
Bone tumors: Pathology review
Gout and pseudogout: Pathology review
Myalgias and myositis: Pathology review
Pediatric musculoskeletal disorders: Pathology review
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: Pathology review
Scleroderma: Pathology review
Seronegative and septic arthritis: Pathology review
Sjogren syndrome: Pathology review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Pathology review
Ankylosing spondylitis: Clinical sciences
Approach to knee pain: Clinical sciences
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout): Clinical sciences
Gout: Clinical sciences
Inflammatory myopathies: Clinical sciences
Psoriatic arthritis: Clinical sciences
Reactive arthritis: Clinical sciences
Rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical sciences
Systemic lupus erythematosus: Clinical sciences
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): Clinical sciences
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Antigout medications
Glucocorticoids
Non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Opioid agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and partial agonists
Osteoporosis medications

Pulmonology

Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall
Apnea, hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension: Pathology review
Cystic fibrosis: Pathology review
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Pathology review
Lung cancer and mesothelioma: Pathology review
Obstructive lung diseases: Pathology review
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax and atelectasis: Pathology review
Pneumonia: Pathology review
Respiratory distress syndrome: Pathology review
Restrictive lung diseases: Pathology review
Tuberculosis: Pathology review
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Clinical sciences
Approach to a cough (acute): Clinical sciences
Approach to a cough (subacute and chronic): Clinical sciences
Approach to dyspnea: Clinical sciences
Approach to interstitial lung disease (diffuse parenchymal lung disease): Clinical sciences
Approach to pneumoconiosis: Clinical sciences
Aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis: Clinical sciences
Asthma: Clinical sciences
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Clinical sciences
Community-acquired pneumonia: Clinical sciences
Empyema: Clinical sciences
Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: Clinical sciences
Lung cancer: Clinical sciences
Pulmonary hypertension: Clinical sciences
Right heart failure (cor pulmonale): Clinical sciences
Upper respiratory tract infections: Clinical sciences
Antihistamines for allergies
Bronchodilators: Beta 2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists
Bronchodilators: Leukotriene antagonists and methylxanthines
Pulmonary corticosteroids and mast cell inhibitors

Urology and renal

Anatomy clinical correlates: Female pelvis and perineum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Other abdominal organs
Acid-base disturbances: Pathology review
Congenital renal disorders: Pathology review
Electrolyte disturbances: Pathology review
Kidney stones: Pathology review
Nephritic syndromes: Pathology review
Nephrotic syndromes: Pathology review
Penile conditions: Pathology review
Prostate disorders and cancer: Pathology review
Renal and urinary tract masses: Pathology review
Renal failure: Pathology review
Testicular and scrotal conditions: Pathology review
Testicular tumors: Pathology review
Urinary incontinence: Pathology review
Urinary tract infections: Pathology review
Approach to acid-base disorders: Clinical sciences
Approach to acute kidney injury: Clinical sciences
Approach to cystic kidney disease: Clinical sciences
Approach to dysuria: Clinical sciences
Approach to lower limb edema: Clinical sciences
Approach to metabolic acidosis: Clinical sciences
Approach to metabolic alkalosis: Clinical sciences
Approach to postoperative acute kidney injury: Clinical sciences
Approach to respiratory acidosis: Clinical sciences
Approach to respiratory alkalosis: Clinical sciences
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection: Clinical sciences
Chlamydia trachomatis infection: Clinical sciences
Chronic kidney disease: Clinical sciences
Hypovolemic shock: Clinical sciences
Intrinsic acute kidney injury (glomerular causes): Clinical sciences
Intrinsic acute kidney injury (non-glomerular causes): Clinical sciences
Lower urinary tract infection: Clinical sciences
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection: Clinical sciences
Nephrolithiasis: Clinical sciences
Postrenal acute kidney injury: Clinical sciences
Prerenal acute kidney injury: Clinical sciences
Pyelonephritis: Clinical sciences
ACE inhibitors, ARBs and direct renin inhibitors
Adrenergic antagonists: Alpha blockers
Androgens and antiandrogens
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Osmotic diuretics
PDE5 inhibitors
Potassium sparing diuretics
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Assessments

Flashcards

0 / 5 complete

USMLE® Step 1 questions

0 / 1 complete

High Yield Notes

6 pages

Flashcards

Naegleria fowleri (Primary amebic meningoencephalitis)

0 of 5 complete

Questions

USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE

0 of 1 complete

A 30-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her partner due to high fever and severe headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The partner reported that the patient was fine until 2 days ago, when she started complaining of a headache and rapidly became confused. Temperature is 38.9°C (102°F), pulse is 80/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 135/85 mmHg. On physical examination, the patient is obtunded and responds only to noxious stimuli. Pupils are equal and responsive to light. When the neck is flexed, the patient flexes the lower limbs. A thorough skin examination reveals no rashes, petechiae, or purpura. CSF analysis shows elevated WBC count with polymorphonuclear predominance, low glucose, high protein, and numerous RBCs. A wet mount is performed and reveals the following:  


Retrieved from: Wikimedia Commons    
Further review of this patient's history will most likely reveal which of the following?  

External References

First Aid

2024

2023

2022

2021

Amphotericin B p. 194

Naegleria fowleri p. , 153

Meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri p. , 153

Naegleria fowleri p. , 153

Summary

Naegleria fowleri is an amoeba that can be pathogenic, causing a fulminant brain infection known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. It is often called "brain-eating amoeba" because it can destroy brain tissue and is usually fatal. This microorganism is typically found in bodies of warm freshwaters, such as ponds, lakes, rivers, and hot springs, and may gain access to the central nervous system through the nose and then the cribriform plate.