Niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency
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Niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency
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USMLE® Step 1 style questions USMLE
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A 15-year-old boy is brought in by his parent to the clinic for evaluation of a skin rash over his chest and arms for the past 2 weeks. The patient has noticed that the rash becomes pruritic and painful to touch when he goes outside to play soccer. He also complains of loose stools over the last week. Three months ago, he was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis and was started on isoniazid. He and his family immigrated from India 9 months ago. Temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse is 74/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 115/75 mmHg. BMI is 20 kg/m2. Physical examination reveals scaly erythematous patches and hyperpigmentation of the arms, chest and skin below the knees. Motor strength is 5/5 in all four extremities. Sensation is intact throughout. Which of the following amino acids is a precursor of the vitamin that is most likely deficient in this patient?
External References
First Aid
2024
2023
2022
2021
Diarrhea
pellagra p. 65
Hallucinations p. 576
pellagra p. 65
Pellagra
vitamin B3 deficiency p. 65
Summary
Niacin or vitamin B3 is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Deficiency in niacin presents with weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, and skin problems such as rashes or hyperpigmentation. Severe niacin deficiency can lead to a condition called pellagra, which is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death.
Niacin deficiency is commonly caused by inadequate intake of niacin or tryptophan, an amino acid that the body can convert into niacin. The treatment is usually increasing the intake of niacin through diet or supplements.